2007年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试
Paper One试卷一（90 minutes）
Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions：In this section，you will read five short incomplete dialogues between two speakers，each followed by four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHRET.
1. A：How about having lunch with me today，Paul？
B：
A. I’ll see you then. B. Thanks a lot.
C. Sounds great. D. I can come anytime.
2. A：I’m anxious to get started on my project. Can we discuss it sometime before the weekend？
B：
A. Why didn’t you tell me earlier. B. Yes，that could he arranged.
C. I can’t spend any time. D. Yes，it’s easy to discuss it.
3. A：Hello，George. What a lovely home you have！
B：
A. Yeah，this garden is beautiful.
B. Nice to have you drop by.
C. Why，thank you. I’m glad you could come.
D. Let’s sit here so we can admire the view.
4. A：Do you feel like doing anything this weekend，Jerry？
B：
A. No，I don’t mind doing anything.
B. Yes，all right. What do you suggest？
C. We could always go to Dave’s party.
D. How do you like science fiction movies？
5. A：Excuse me，boss. There’s a Jack Welsh on the line. Do you want to talk to him？
B：
A. Oh，I’m afraid I won’t. B. No，have him call back later.
C. Does he want to leave a message？ D. Would you please hold my calls？
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
Directions：In this section，you will read five short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
6. Woman：You were late again this morning.
Man：So what？
Question：How does the man react to the woman’s blame？
A. He felt sorry for being late. B. He did not admit he was late.
C. He got nervous for being late. D. He did not care about being late.
7. Woman：The software is very user-friendly.
Man：Yes，but is leaves something to be desired.
Question：What does the man think of the software？
A. It is of excellent standard.
B. It is of very low standard.
C. It has reached the expected standard.
D. It does not reach the expected standard.
8. Man：Hi，Susan. I hear your ski trip was out of this world！
Woman：It was wonderful. I didn’t want to come back to the real world！
Question：What can we learn about Susan？
A. She preferred to live in an unreal world. B. She enjoyed the skiing very much.
C. She lost contact with this world. D. She failed to carry out her ski plan.
9. Woman：Wally，the necklace is beautiful，but really，you shouldn’t have！
Man：You’re welcome. I think it looks beautiful on you.
Question：What did wally do for the woman？
A：He bought her necklace. B：He helped her put on the necklace.
C：He helped her choose a necklace. D：He tried to flatter her.
10. Woman：When we lived in
Man：It sounds like you need to get out of the house.
Question：What does the man advise the woman to do？
A. To get a job. B. To move to another place.
C. To visit some friends. D. To do some outdoor exercises.
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary（10 minutes，10 points）
Section A
Directions：In this section there are ten sequences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
11. By advocating moderate change，they think that they can keep consumer costs low.
A. reasonable B. radical C. immediate D. minimum
12. Nuclear power，with all its inherent problems，is still the only option to guarantee enough energy in the future.
A. solution B. policy C. choice D. reason
13. The promised wage increase is being held back while it is examined by the government to see if it is greater than the law allows.
A. dismissed B. delayed C. neglected D. rejected
14. Safety officials have earnestly questioned whether the increased use of synthetic materials heightens the risk of fire.
A. cautiously B. severely C. accurately D. seriously
15. The book shifted her outlook from social to spiritual，for its theme was that before you change other people you have to change yourself.
A. viewpoint B. vocation C. prospect D. preference
16. Racing the clock every day is such an exhausting effort that when I actually have a few free moments，I tend to collapse.
A. fall down B. fall in C. fall out D. fall behind
17. The senator agreed that his support of the measure would jeopardize his chances for reelection.
A. benefit B. endanger C. hinder D. disturb
18. The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and variety of bacteria.
A. unavoidable B. unchangeable C. unbelievable D. unpredictable
19. He noticed that Joan was studying him closely，but her expression gave away nothing of what she was thinking.
A. revealed B. disposed C. reminded D. distributed
20. At last John Smith chose to step down as the company’s chief executive and return to his roots in software research.
A． resign B. remove C． retire D. replace
Section B
21. His essay is _____ with more than 120 full-color photographs that depict the national park in all seasons.
A. contained B. illustrated C. exposed D. strengthened
22. Local government_____could be obtained through a local income tax and / or a local sales tax.
A. budget B. expense C. finance D. revenue
23. Even after reading it for three lines，he couldn’t_____the meaning of that letter.
A. conceive B. consult C. contrast D. concern
24. The temperature in this area is low enough to allow falling snow to_____and slowly transform into ice.
A. preserve B. accumulate C. melt D. spread
25. In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual，variations in body size，physical activity and age should be_____.
A. brought into practice B. taken into account
C. thrown light on D. looked down upon
26. The shy girl felt quite_____and uncomfortable when she could not answer the interviewer’s question.
A. amused B. sensitive C. curious D. awkward
27. The courses aim to give graduates an up-to-date grasp of their subject and _____ laboratory skills.
A. superficial B. subjective C. structural D. sophisticated
28. There was no light on the way and for a second she hesitated，unable to_____the dim figure awaiting her.
A. set out B. make out C. pick up D. clear up
29. Some people apparently have an amazing ability to _____the right answer.
A. come up with B. look up to C. put up with D. live up to
30. I had been a university student for three years，but not until this afternoon had I felt the thrill of_____.
A. confusion B. disappointment C. sensation D. fulfillment
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension（45 minutes，25 points）
Direction：There are five passages in this part，Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choice marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
They may be one of Britain’s most successful exports and among the world’s most popular TV shows，ranking alongside the World Cup Final and the Olympics Games opening ceremony in terms of audience. But，in Britain，beauty competitions are unfashionable. To most people，beauty contests seems as out-dated as bowing. Nicolas Baker，a lawyer in London，said that“As much as I think it’s fine for women to do it，I don’t think it’s interesting and in fact，I think they’re irrelevant to today.”Last year，Miss World was broadcast to 142 countries，but it wasn’t even shown in the country where it started in 1951.
It wasn’t always this way in Britain. Once beauty queens dated footballers，traveled the world and were guaranteed fame，fortune and fun. Now，they open new supermarkets，are sponsored by dry-cleaning companies and if they’re lucky，they get free clothes from supermarkets.
When Francesca Marchant was crowned Miss Sussex in 1969，it was something to be extremely proud of“I came from a small town，and all my friends were green with envy when they found out I’d won. My boyfriend at the time thought it was terrific and boasted to everyone that he was going out with a beauty queen.
But the good times couldn’t last. The feminist movement gathered momentum. Some women were determined to bring an end to these“cattle shows.” Nowadays，saying that you were a beauty queen just doesn’t sound good.
Miss World organizers claim that contestants are judged on qualities other than just their physical appearance. But Jacqueline Gold，England’s representative at this year’s contest，was not chosen because of her academic record. The Miss World Website states that she“left school having gained many computer qualifications，and certificates in First Aid and Lift Saving.”meaning，not much of an education.
The only time contests attract attention now is because of the protesters. At the 1999 Miss World in
31. Beauty contests in
A. bringing huge benefits for the country B. as popular as the World Cup Final
C. no longer popular in the country D. widely protested in the country
32. The attitude of Nicolas Baker towards beauty contests is that .
A. women shouldn’t attend the contests
B. the contests are fine but he doesn’t like them
C. the contests are insults to women
D. the contests are behind the times
33. In the 60s and 70s，beauty queens .
A. were sponsored by dry-cleaning companies B. were admired by most people
C. did not have a good reputation D. got free clothes from supermarkets
34. The author uses Jacqueline Gold as an example to show that .
A. her academic record was very strong
B. she had gained many qualifications and certificates
C. contestants are judged on physical appearance
D. contestants are judged on their education
35. The best title for passage might be .
A. Beauty Contests：Insults to Women
B. Beauty Contests：Sexist Cattle Market
C. Beauty Contests：A Headache for British people
D. Beauty Contests：Started in
Passage Two
A particular area in which assumptions and values differ between cultures is that of friendship. Friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and less intense than these among people from many other cultures. At least many observers from abroad have this impression.Because Americans are taught to be self-reliant，because they live in a very mobile society，and for many other reasons as well，they tend to avoid deep involvement with other people. Furthermore，Americans tend to“compartmentalize”their friendships，having their“friends at work”，“friends at school”，a“tennis friend”，and so on. Americans often seem very friendly even when you first meet them. This friendliness does not usually mean that the American is looking for a deeper relationship.
The result of these attitudes and behaviors is sometimes viewed by foreigners as an“inability to be friends”. Other times it is seen as a normal way to retain personal happiness in a mobile，ever-changing society.
People normally have in their minds stereotypes about people who are different from themselves. Stereotypes are based on limited and incomplete experience and information，but they shape people’s thoughts and expectations. Americans have many stereotypes about foreign students in general（for example，that they are very hard working intelligent，and rich that they do speak English well）and about particular categories of foreign students（Chinese are polite and good at mathematics，for example，or Italians are emotional）. And foreign students have their own stereotypes of Americans，for example，that they are arrogant，rude，and generous.
There are two stereotypes that often affect male-female relationships involving
36. Consuming friendship，Americans .
A. look for a deeper relationship in a close circle
B. avoid deep relationship with other people
C. are friendly at first but do not remain so later on
D. do not make good friends
37. The word“compartmentalize”in the first paragraph means“ ”.
A. separate in categories B. treat differently
C. evaluate accordingly D. judge fairly
38. The author’s attitude toward the American type of friendship seems to be .
A. approving B. critical C. biased D. objective
39. According to the author，stereotypes concerning male-female relationships involving U.S. and foreign students are .
A. helpful B. meaningless C. harmful D. useless
40. According to the author，stereotypes seem unavoidable because .
A. it is natural to have them B. it is not easy to find exceptions
C. they provide better understanding D. they contribute to friendship
Passage Three
In The Birth Order Book：Why You Are the Way You Are（2004），Dr. Kevin Leman notes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children. More than half of
In addition to being high achievers，older children also generally have higher IQs（智商）than younger ones. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has，the lower each child’s Individual IQ tends to be. They give a few reasons for this：
Parents only have so much time，attention，and money. The more kids they have，the more these things are divided. First-borns initially get the entire parental-time pic. What’s more，the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby. So the younger ones are surrounded by more children’s language on average than the older kids.
Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality / birth-order differences. In his book Born to Rebel，psychologist Frank Sulloway competition for Mom and Dad’s attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and，in fact，has shaped history. He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad. Younger siblings（兄弟姐妹）tend to become rebels. Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their first-born peers.
The conclusion of his book is that sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution Thomas Jefferson，Karl Marx and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings，for example.
As compelling as this all is，it’s also something we should probably take with caution，there are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition of siblings to our families. A parent can die；a hurricane can leave us homeless；we can catch a life-threatening disease. Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presence of siblings.
A 2002 study bore this out. After interviewing 535 undergraduates，researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were“folklore”，although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research.
41. What is implied by“the younger ones are surrounded by more children’s language on average than the older kids”（Para.3）？
A. Younger children need parental rather than siblings’ attention.
B. Younger children need siblings’ rather than parental attention.
C. Younger children feel uncomfortable with more siblings.
D. Younger children have less chance to talk with their parents.
42. Sulloway，author of Born to Rebel，suggests that younger siblings .
A. try hard to get attention from their parents
B. are less likely to shape history
C. are winners in getting parental attention
D. seldom adapt their personalities
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor shaping personality？
A. Death of a parent. B. Children’s language.
C. A natural disaster. D. A fatal disease.
44. What is the meaning of“folklore”in the last paragraph？
A. Traditional customs and beliefs. B. Verified hypotheses.
C. Widely held unsupported notions. D. Tales or sayings preserved orally.
45. Which of the following statements is proposed by researchers？
A. Later-borns do not compete for attention.
B. First-borns tend to become rebels.
C. Later-borns are prone to diseases.
D. First-borns achieve more than younger ones.
Passage Four
Does money buy happiness？It’s sometimes said that scientists have found no relationship between money and happiness，but that’s a myth，says University of Illinois psychologist Ed Denier.
The connection is complex. In fact，very rich people rate substantially higher in satisfaction with life than very poor people do，even within wealthy nations. He says“There is overwhelming evidence that money buys happiness.”said economist Andrew Oswald of the University of Warwick in England. The main debate，he said，is how strong the effect is.
Oswald recently reported a study of Britons who won between $ 2000 and $
Daniel Kahneman，a Nobel-Prize winner and Princeton economist，and colleagues，recently declared that the notion that making a lot of money will produce good overall mood is“mostly illusory”. They noted that in one study，members of the high-income group were almost twice as likely to call themselves“very happy”as people from households with incomes below $ 2000. But other studies，rather than asking for a summary estimate of happiness，follow people through the day and repeatedly record their feelings. These studies show less effect of income on happiness，Kahneman and colleagues said.
There is still another twist to the money-happiness story. Even though people who make $ 150000 are considerably happier than those who make $ 40000，it’s not clear why，says psychologist Richard E. Lucas of
Researchers conclude that any effect of money on happiness is smaller than most daydreamer assume.“People exaggerate how much happiness is bought by an extra few thousand，”Oswald said.“The quality of relationships has a far bigger effect than quite large rise in salary...It’s much better advice，if you’re looking for happiness in life，to try to find the right husband or wife than to try to double your salary.”
46. The main purpose of this passage is to discuss .
A. the contributions of household incomes to happiness
B. the complex relationship between money and happiness
C. the positive relations of money to happiness
D. the negative relations of money to happiness
47. Andrew Oswald’s study .
A. proves money has little effect on happiness
B. gives evidence that money buys happiness
C. rejects the relation between money and happiness
D. shows that lottery brings people happiness
48. The word“illusory”（para.4）is closest in meaning to“ ”.
A. dramatic B. ordinary C. drastic D. imaginary
49. According to Lucas，richer people’s happiness .
A. comes from their high income
B. may not be directly related to their high income
C. is boosted by their high income
D. is not derived from their high income
50. According to Oswald，a more important factor in bringing about happiness may be good .
A. health B. feelings C. marriage D. salaries
Passage Five
When Frand Dale look over as publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner，the organization had just ended a ten-year strike. There was much bitterness and as he told us.“Everybody that I found there had lost their curiosity，they’d lost their cutting edge，there was no interest，they just hung on ... I had a real problem.”His very first task was to introduce himself to everybody，to thank them for their loyalty to that point，and to allow them to express their concerns and frustrations. To questions like“What makes you think you can make this thing go？”he responded，“I don’t know yet，but in thirty days I’ll come back to you and let you know what I’ve found.”He recruited a task force of the best people from throughout the Hearst Corporation to do a crash study，and in thirty days he had a written report on what needed to be done，which he shared with the staff. He had taken the all-important first steps to establish mutual trust，without which leadership would not have been possible.
Trust is the emotional glue that binds followers and leaders together. The accumulation of trust is a measure of the legitimacy of leadership. It cannot be demanded or purchased；it must be earned. Trust is the basic ingredient of all organizations，the lubrication that maintains the organization and it is as mysterious and difficult a concept as leadership—and as important.
One thing we can say for sure about trust is that if trust is to be generated，there must be predictability，the capacity to predict another’s behavior. Another way of putting it is to say that organizations without trust would resemble the ambiguous nightmare of Kafka’s The Castle，where nothing can be certain and nobody can be relied on or be held responsible. The ability to predict outcomes with a high probability of success generates and maintains trust.
51. What was Frand Dale’s problem when he became the publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner？
A. He had lost interest in his publishing career.
B. He found it hard to introduce himself to everyone.
C. Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner was in extreme difficulty.
D. Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner was on a ten-year strike.
52. What was the result of Frank Dale’s first steps？
A. Mutual trust was established. B. Efficiency was improved.
C. A task force was recruited. D. His promises were fulfilled.
53. According to the author，how could trust be established？
A. By economic means. B. By legitimate measure.
C. By authoritative command. D. By effort or action.
54. What does the author think about trust？
A. It is hard to accumulate. B. It can make organization go.
C. It can help establish authority. D. It is relatively easy to acquire.
55. For what propose is Kafka’s The Castle mentioned？
A. To show people’s behaviors are predictable. B. To describe the nightmare of the story.
C. To demonstrate the importance of trust. D. To prove no one can be relied on.
Part Ⅳ Cloze（15 minutes，15 points）
The process of the gaining or losing weight can be explained by comparing your body to your car. Both run 56 fuel，food for your body and gasoline for your car. Both 57 that fuel，first into heat，then energy，some of 58 is used to do work，and some emitted as waste. And 59 your car uses more energy when the engine is racing than when it is idling，
60 does your body use more energy when you are working hard than 61 you are resting.
For the purpose of this comparison， 62 ，there is one significant difference between them. Your car cannot store fuel by turning it into 63 else；all gasoline not 64 remains as gasoline. But your body stores 65 energy as fat. When the gas tank is 66 empty，the car won’t run；but your body can burn fat to provide more energy.
Therefore，if you want to gain weight，you must do 67 of two things：eat more calories（units of heat，therefore energy），or use less through 68 . If you want to lose weight，you do the 69 ：decrease your intake of calories or increase the amount of energy you spend. There is 70 way gaining or losing weight is always a relation between intake and output of potential energy.
56. A. in B. on C. for D. against
57. A. convert B. use C. spend D. burn
58. A. what B. which C. it D. them
59. A. whereas B. although C. just because D just as
60. A. as B. so C. why D. how
61. A. that B. since C. when D. where
62. A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. likewise
63. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
64. A. filled B. wasted C. saved D. consumed
65. A. useless B. enough C. excess D. extensive
66. A. half B. completely C. almost D. hardly
67. A. any B. both C. either D. neither
68. A. inactivity B. inattention C. eyeing D. jogging
69. A. reverse B. relevant C. different D. same
70. A. not any B. no other C. another D. some
Part Ⅴ Error Detection（10 minutes，5 points）
Directions：In this part，there are ten sentences each sentence has four underlined words or phrases marked A，B，C. and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
71. It is becoming far less common than it was used to be for children to follow in their fathers’
A B C
foot steps.
D
72. No matter poor one may be，one can always find something to be thankful for.
A B C D
73. At no time in the history of mankind women have greater opportunities for following careers
A B C D
than they have now.
74. Admirers of American ballet has claimed that its stars can dance as well as or even better than
A B C
the best of the Russian artists.
D
75. Scientists created a brainy，four-legged robot resemble as starfish that can sense damage to its
A B C
body，and think up a way to recover.
D
76. We are at a critical point in our nation’s history and we cannot go back as individuals or as a
A
country to what we were ten，five or even one year earlier.
B C D
77. He pointed out that a considerable gap existing between the number of hours people are paid
A B C
for working and the number of hours spent in productive labor.
D
78. I would have come to see you had it been possible，but I had been so busy then.
A B C D
79. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants once grew wild.
A B C D
80. The population of this small town has more than doubled it in the past few decades.
A B C D
Paper Two试卷二（60 minutes）
Part Ⅰ Translation（30 minutes，20 points）
Section A
Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in congress. The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
Section B
Directions：Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
最近一项调查表明，中国大部分的建筑无论是办公楼还是居民楼，消耗的电资源或水资源比发达国家的同类建筑都要多，例如，北京的居民平均消耗是气候类似的德国北部家庭的三倍。中国是资源短缺的国家，我们必须节约资源，才能保证我国经济持续发展。
Part Ⅱ Guided Writing（30 minutes，15 points）
Directions：Who and How to Take Care of seniors？
2007年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题答案与解析
Paper One试卷一（90 minutes）
Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication
Section A Dialogue Completion
【句子翻译】A：今天和我一起吃午饭可以吗，保罗？B：听起来很棒。
【考点剖析】B项意思最佳，其他项答非所问。
2. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】A：我迫不及待地想开始我的项目，我们能够在周末之前的某个时间讨论一下吗？B：你为什么不早点告诉我呢？
【考点剖析】语义共现
3. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】A：你好，乔治，你的家真可爱！B：谢谢，很高兴你能来。
【考点剖析】惯用搭配
4. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】A：杰瑞，你这周末想做什么事情吗？B：是的，你有什么建议吗？
【考点剖析】语义共现
5. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】A：打扰一下，老板，Jack Welsh给你打电话，你想和他谈话吗？B：你可以帮我接一下这些电话吗？
【考点剖析】请求帮助
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
6. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】女：你今天早上又迟到了。男：那又怎么样？
【考点剖析】主要是要知道so what的意思。从而很容易选出答案。
7. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】女：这个软件对用户来说很好用。男：是的，但它还是有值得改进的地方。
【考点剖析】逻辑推理
8. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】男：你好，苏珊，听说你的滑雪旅行非常好？女：是的，我都不想回到现实世界了！
【考点剖析】语义推理
9. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】女：沃尼，这个项链很漂亮，但，你不必给我买的！男：没关系，我认为你戴着它非常漂亮。
【考点剖析】语义共现
10. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】女：我们住在巴黎时，我做做兼职，但自从我们搬家后，我只是做饭和打扫房间，我已经厌倦了每天做一样的事情。男：看来你需要出去工作了。
【考点剖析】语义推理
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary
Section A
11. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】通过采取一些适度的改变，他们相信能够保持较低的消费者成本。
【考点类型】同义词
【考点剖析】reasonable“合理的”；radical“根本的”；immediate“直接的，立即的”；minimum“最小的”。moderate意为适度的，显然，只有A项符合。
12. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】尽管核动力有它固有的问题，但它仍然是保证未来有充足能源的唯一选择。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】solution“解决方案”；policy“政策”；choice“选择”；reason“原因”。Option也是选择的意思。
13. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】承诺的提薪一事被搁置了，因为政府正在审查它是否超过了法律所允许的额度。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】dismissed“解散，开除”；delayed“延后，推迟，指时间”；neglected“摈弃，搁置”；rejected“拒绝”。可以从后半句推测括号中词的意思。其中A肯定不对，dismiss一般和人连用，A、B、C三个选项不合题意。
14. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】安全官员已经认真地探讨了过多地使用人造材料是否会使发生火灾的风险增大。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】cautiously“慎重地”；severely“严格地”；accurately“精确地”；seriously“严肃地、认真地”。earnestly“认真地，诚挚地”，四个选项中，只有seriously与earnestly意思接近。
15. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】这本书使她的观点从社会方面转移到精神方面，因为该书的主题是在你改变别人之前，你必须改变自己。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】viewpoint“观点”；vocation“职业”；prospect“前景”；preference“偏好”。根据语义，outlook意为观点，见解。
16. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】每天和时钟赛跑是一件非常耗费体力的事情，所以当我确实有空余时间时，就快崩溃了。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】fall down“倒下”；fall in“塌陷、倒塌”；fall out“争吵，闹翻”；fall behind“落后，拖欠”。
17. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】参议院认为如果他支持这一措施，就会危及他再次当选的几率。
【考点类型】动宾搭配
【考点剖析】benefit“有利于”；endanger“危及”；hinder“阻碍”；disturb“打扰”。B项意思正好符合题意。
18. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】显微镜使科学家能够区分难以置信的大量不同种类的细菌。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】unavoidable“不可避免的”；unchangeable“不可改变的”；unbelievable“难以置信的”；unpredictable“不可预知的”。
19. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】他注意到琼正在认真地观察他，但她的表情丝毫没有透露她心里在想些什么。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】reveal“显示”；dispose“处理”；remind“提醒”；distribute“分配”。give away是固定搭配，意为泄露，这里关键是通过but发现前后有一个意思上的转折。
20. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】最终，约翰·史密斯决定辞去公司首席执行官的职位，回到他原来软件研究方面的工作。
【考点类型】形近词辨析
【考点剖析】resign“辞职”；remove“移走，开除”；retire“退休”；replace“替代”。A项意思正好相符题意。
Section B
21. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】他的文章中插入了120张彩色照片，这些照片描述了不同季节的国家公园景色。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】contain“包含”；illustrate“举例说明，加插图于”；expose“揭露”；strengthen“加强，巩固”。由于后面所讲的意思就是加插图，故选B。
22. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】地方政府的花费可以通过地方所得税或地方销售税获得。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】budget“预算”；expense“费用，开支”；finance“金融，财务”；revenue“收入”。
23. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】尽管已经阅读了三行，他还是不能理解这封信的意思。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】conceive“想出，构想出”；consult“请教，咨询”；contrast“对比”；concern“涉及，关系到”。只有A项与句意相符。
24. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】这个地区的温度很低，足以使降落的雪积累并慢慢结成冰。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】preserve“保护，保持”；accumulate“积累”；melt“融化”；spread“展开”。既然温度低，雪当然不会融化，排除C，只有B意思相符。
25. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】在计算一个人每天所需要摄入的卡路里的标准数量时，我们必须考虑到由于身体尺寸、活动多少和年纪的不同所造成的一些差异。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】brought into practice“投入到实践中”；taken into account“考虑到”；thrown light on“使……清楚些”；looked down upon“藐视，瞧不起”。
26. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】那个害羞的女孩在回答不出面试官的提问时感到非常尴尬，不舒服。
【考点类型】语义推理
【考点剖析】amused“愉快的，开心的”；sensitive“敏感的”；curious“好奇的”；awkward“糟糕的”。根据and和句子意思，这里选和uncomfortable意思相近的词。
27. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】这些课程的目的是为了让毕业生掌握他们所学专业的最新的知识和一些复杂的实验技能。
【考点类型】形近词义辨析
【考点剖析】superficial“肤浅的，浅薄的”；subjective“主观的”；structural“结构的”；sophisticated“复杂的，久经世故的”。
28. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】在路上没有灯光，有一小段时间，她犹豫了一下，因为她无法看清那个等她的朦胧的身影。
【考点类型】语义推理
【考点剖析】set out“出发，启程”；make out“填写，理解，辨认”；pick up“捡起，恢复精神，加快”；clear up“整理，清除，放晴”。从意思上看，只有B能与figure搭配。
29. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】有些人很显然有一种惊人的能力，很快得到正确答案。
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】come up with“提出，找到”；look up to“尊敬，仰望”；put up with“容忍，忍受”；live up to“依照……什么行事”。
30. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】我成为一名大学生已经有三年了，但直到今天下午，我才感到万分失望。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】confusion“混乱，困惑”；disappointment“失望”；sensation“感觉”；ful-fillment“履行，实行”。thrill“激动，震撼”，据语义应选B。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
它们可能是英国出口最成功的物品，并且在世界最受欢迎的电视节目中，根据观众的反映，其排名与世界杯和奥运会开幕式并列。但是，在英国，选美比赛似乎不合适宜。对大多数人来说，选美比赛就像是过时了的拳击。尼克拉斯·贝克，是伦敦的一名律师。他说：“虽然我认为女人做这些事情无可争议，但我并不觉得它有趣，事实上，我认为她们和当今毫无关系。”去年，世界小姐比赛在142个国家播出，但是却没有在它起源的国家播出，它起源于1951年。
不过，在英国情况也并不总是如此。选美皇后曾经与足球运动员约会，巡回世界，并且被给予名望、财富和乐趣。现在，她们打开了新的超级市场，由干洗公司主办，并且如果她们幸运，她们可以从超级市场得到免费的衣服。
1969年，当Francesca Marchant被加冕为苏克塞斯小姐，这是件非常值得骄傲的一件事，——“我来自一个小镇，当我的朋友发现我赢得了比赛，都对我充满了羡慕与妒忌”。那时候，我的男朋友认为那真是太美妙了，并且对每个人吹嘘他在与选美皇后交往。
但是好景不长，女权运动集中力量，一些妇女被认为可以给这些“母牛表演”带来末日。现在，如果说你是一个选美皇后，听起来似乎不太好。
“世界小姐”组织抱怨说，对竞选者的评判是建立在其素质基础上的而不是仅仅看她们的外表。但是在今年的比赛中，英格兰代表Jacqueline Gold未被选入就是因为她的学术记录。世界小姐网站上说：“离开学校之前获取许多计算机证书和紧急救援拯救生命的证书，这并不意味接受了太多的教育。”
唯一一次使比赛受到关注是因为其抗议者。1999年在英国举行的世界小姐比赛中，60多名游行者向她们投掷面粉炸弹并和警察发生了冲突，他们谴责选美比赛是“性别歧视的牲畜市场”。他们高举旗帜上面写着“胖女孩酷呆了”“女人的身体不是为了出卖”。
31. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】现今英国的选美大赛 。
A. 给英国带来巨大的利润 B. 和世界杯总决赛一样流行
C. 在英国不再流行 D. 在英国被很多人反对
线索：文章的第1段提到“But，in Britain，beauty competitions are unfashionable. To most people，beauty contests seems as out-dated as bowing.”表明英国的选美比赛已经失去了以往的魅力，所以选项C是正确答案。
【考点提示】细节判断题是考试常考题型。主要是考查学生对文章细节的把握，比如说数字细节，因果关系细节，论据的内容，文章信息之间的关系等。要保证细节题拿分，最重要的是注意以下几点：①阅读文章注意线索词，学会微观阅读方法；②掌握在线索词上做标记，学会记录标记词；③认真阅读文章题干，能够根据题干的关键词，返回原文找到相关的内容；④迅速在四个选项中进行筛选，排除无关选项，确定正确答案；⑤清楚细节题正确答案的特征或混淆选项的特征。
32. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节推理
【解析过程】尼克拉斯·贝克对选美大赛的态度是 。
A. 女性不应该参加这类比赛 B. 比赛很好但他不喜欢
C. 比赛是对女性的一个侮辱 D. 比赛已经过时了
线索：文章的第1段提到“Nicolas Baker，a lawyer in London，said that‘As much as I think it’s fine for women to do it，I don’t think it’s interesting and in fact，I think they’re irrelevant to today.’”可见贝克先生知道对大多数人来说都认为很好，但是他不感兴趣，所以选项B正确。
【考点提示】该题是对细节的考察，对这类型的题，学生应该先从文章中找到题眼，然后对这个题眼句子进行分析推理就可以得到正确答案。
33. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】在六、七十年代，选美比赛的冠军 。
A. 由干洗公司赞助支持 B. 受到许多人的羡慕
C. 名誉并不是很好 D. 可以从超市获得免费的衣服
线索：文章的第3段提到“When Francesca Marchant was crowned Miss Sussex in 1969 it was something to be extremely proud of —“‘I came from a small town，and all my friends were green with envy when they found out I’d won.’”由此可以看出，在六、七十年代，选美比赛的冠军是受到很多人羡慕的，故应选B。
【考点提示】这是个细节判断题，这道题的题干是问及六、七十年代的选美冠军的状况，所以在文章中寻找题眼时，应该带着这个时间特征来寻找，这样就不会被迷惑。
34. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】举例作用
【解析过程】作者提到Jacqueline Gold，目的是说明 。
A. 她的学习成绩非常的优秀
B. 她已经获得了许多资格证书和职业认证
C. 参赛的选手是依据身体的外在条件决定的
D. 参赛的选手是依据教育的情况来决定的
线索：文章的第5段提到“But Jacqueline Gold，England’s representative at this year’s contest...”，第5段要表达的内容是评选的标准不仅仅是按照身体的情况还有其他的品质。选项B是在文章的第5段提到了，但它是例子本身，不是这个例子的目的。
【考点提示】举例作用题的关键一定是例子的目的是什么，不是例子本身是什么，所以选项B的内容比较具有代表性，B说了例子本身，但没有说例子的目的，所以不对。
35. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】主旨推断
【解析过程】本文的标题是 。
A. 选美比赛：侮辱妇女
B. 选美比赛：性别歧视标志
C. 选美比赛：令英国人头疼
D. 选美比赛：起源于英国但现在不流行
线索：文章的第1段提到“They may be one of Britain’s most successful exports and among the world’s most popular TV shows...”表明选美比赛最初来自于英国，文章的后几段都在说明该比赛现在已经不再受到观众的欢迎，所以选项D是正确答案。
【考点提示】文章标题是考查文章主旨的一种手段。标题的解析方法主要有：①主旨题的标志：mainly about，mainly discuss，the best title；②串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体；③快速作文法：根据文章的标题口头迅速编辑一篇有关的小作文。
Passage Two
各种文化中的假设与价值的不同之处就是友谊。和其他文化的人相比，美国人认为友谊更短暂，感情不深厚。至少国外的人有这样的印象，美国人被教导自力更生，由于他们生活在一个流动的社会里，并且还由于一些其他原因，他们避免同他人深交。另外，美国人把他们的友谊区分开来，“工作时的朋友”，“学校的朋友”，“网球朋友”，即使你是第一次看到美国人，也会觉得他们很友好，这种友谊通常不意味着他们希望有更深的交往。
这种态度和行为带来的结果是，他们有时候被外国人认为是“没有交友能力”。还有一些时候，这被认为是在一个流动变化的社会里，保持良好人际关系的通常的方法。
人们通常在他们头脑中对于不同于自己的人形成一成不变的印象。这种一成不变的印象是建立在有限的不完全的经验和信息上的。但是他们塑造了人的想法和期待。总体来说，美国人对外国留学生有很多种印象（比如，他们工作努力而且聪明，他们确实英语说得很好），还有关于外国留学生的具体印象（比如，中国人很友好，数学很优秀，或者意大利人很情绪化），外国留学生对美国人有他们自己的印象，即美国人傲慢，无礼，慷慨。
有两种固定思维影响美国学生和其他的国家的学生处理男女关系。第一种是外国男性认为美国女性如果没有什么担心，总是很愿意发生性行为。另一种固定思维是，一些美国女性认为其他国家的男性对美国女性只是发生性关系，对她们本身并不感兴趣。这些固定观点以及其他固定思维的存在导致了相当多的误会，并能阻碍相互满意的关系的发展，尤其是在个人之间。固定思维看上去不可避免地带给人类区分信息的方法，所以，建议人们忘记他们的定性思维似乎是不现实的。但是，他们能够意识到他们的定性思维，并准备找到其例外之处。
36. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】对待友谊，美国人的做法是 。
A. 寻找一个圈子里更进一步的关系 B. 避免和别人有过密交往
C. 起初非常好客但不会持续很长时间 D. 不交好朋友
线索1：文章的第1段提到“for many other reasons as well，they tend to avoid deep involvement with other people”.
线索2：文章的第1段提到“This friendliness does not usually mean that the American is looking for a deeper relationship”.
根据线索1和线索2表明选项B是正确答案。选项A和文章的第1段的内容不符合。选项C在原文中没有提到。选项D表达得太绝对化了。美国人不会交到好朋友，肯定不符合常识。
【考点提示】选项D不正确的原因也是错误选项的典型特点，归纳为几点：①错误选项一般都非常的具体；②错误选项的语气往往特别坚定；③错误选项的内容往往不符合常识。同学们可以根据这三点，来判断排除错误选项。
37. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】词汇推断
【解析过程】文章第一段“compartmentalize”一词的含义是“ ”。
A. 按类别分类 B. 区别对待
C. 按不同情况评估 D. 公平地评判
线索：文章的第1段提到“‘compartmentalize’their friendships，having their‘friends at work’，‘friends at school’，a‘tennis friend’.”从后面的内容可以看到compartmentalize是分化处理的含义。
【考点提示】词汇推断题是考查同学们对于文章中出现的生词，能不能根据上下文的语境，进行正确的判断，猜测出它的含义。解题的关键主要在以下几点：①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方；②注意结合上下文理解该单词的含义；③如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。
38. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】综合归纳
【解析过程】作者对于美国式友谊的态度是 。
A. 赞成 B. 批评 C. 偏见 D. 客观
线索：文章的第1段的最后两句话表达了作者对于美国友谊的观点，有的人认为他们无法交到真正的朋友，不过也有的人认为在这个流动性很强的社会，这是非常正常的。所以，作者的态度是客观。
【考点提示】态度题：①标志：attitude；②应精确理解四个选项的含义；③不要掺杂自己的观点；④可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如：fortunately，excessively，too many；⑤抓论述的主线。
39. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据本文作者的观点，关于美国学生和外国学生之间产生的男女关系的传统观念是 。
A. 有益的 B. 毫无意义的 C. 有害的 D. 无用的
线索：文章的第1段提到“The existence of these and other stereotypes can give to considerable misunderstanding and can block the development of a mutually satisfactory relationship between particular individuals.”表明选项C是正确答案。
【考点提示】细节题解析的一个关键是要看清题干中的关键词，然后根据关键词返回原文寻找相关的信息线索判断选项的对错。
40. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节推理
【解析过程】根据本文作者的观点，传统的观念是无法回避的，因为 。
A. 具有这些观念是天生的 B. 很难能够发现任何例外
C. 它们提供更好的理解 D. 它们有助于友谊的发展
线索：文章的第2段提到“Stereotypes seem unavoidable given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information，so it is not realistic to suppose people can forget their stereotypes.”表明选项A是正确答案。
【考点提示】这是一道常见的细节推理题，考查学生对文中具体细节信息的分析推理能力。
Passage Three
在出生顺序书籍 《你为什么是这样的你》（2004年）中，凯文莱曼博士注意到，在最初的23个美国人中，21个是长子或者独生子。有一多半的美国总统是长子或长女，这在历史上是重要的发现，因为过去的家庭要比现在的大多了。
年龄大的孩子除了达到高成就外，还要比年幼者有高的智商。研究者发现一个家庭孩子越多，每个孩子的个人智商越低，有以下原因：家长的时间、注意力和金钱有限。他们拥有的孩子越多，那些东西越分散。头胎生的孩子可以得到父母的全部时间。再者，成年人与儿童的比例随着每一个新生儿的降生而下降，所以，年幼的孩子比年长的孩子被更多的儿童语言所包围。
一些研究者认为，父母的关注程度是孩子性格与不同出生顺序之间关系的关键。在他的名为《天生反抗》 一书中，心理学家法兰克认为对于父母的关注的竞争方法是真正塑造我们性格的东西，并且事实上，也塑造了历史。她认为我们把我们的个性作为策略的一部分来争取妈妈和爸爸的关注。年幼的兄弟姐妹易变得叛逆。Sulloway研究了政治活跃分子后发现：晚出生的活跃分子比他们早出生的同胞更激进。
他这本书的结论是：同胞之间对父母关注的竞争能够在革命时期影响整个社会。例如：托马斯·杰佛逊，卡尔·马克思，菲德尔·卡斯特罗都是年幼的兄弟。
同样引人注目的是，还有一些事我们也许应该留心，除了我们的兄弟姐妹，在我们生活中还有其他一些事情影响着我们。父母会死去，飓风能使我们无家可归，我们可能患上危及生命的疾病。这些事情中的任何一件都可能比我们的兄弟姐妹给我们带来更大的影响。
2002年的一个研究证明了这一观点。在采访了535个大学毕业生后，研究员得出结论：尽管智商和成就不同在被研究员广泛支持，但个性不同与出生顺序有关只是民间传说。
41. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】逻辑推理
【解析过程】该句“与年纪大的孩子相比，年幼的孩子被更多的儿童语言包围。”作者暗示 。
A. 年幼的孩子们比兄弟姐妹更需要父母的关心
B. 年幼的孩子们需要父母不是兄弟姐妹的关心
C. 年幼的孩子们不想要更多的兄弟姐妹
D. 年幼的孩子们和父母交谈的机会更少
线索：文章的第3段提到“Parents only have so much time，attention，and money. The more kids they have，The more these things are divided.”表明父母的时间非常有限，所以这些年幼的孩子和他们的父母沟通很少。
【考点提示】该题是考查学生对具体句子的逻辑分析能力，通过对题眼句子的正确推理，可能得知正确的答案。
42. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】《天生反抗》 的这本书作者，Sulloway指出年幼的兄弟姐妹 。
A. 努力从父母那里获得关注 B. 不太可能会影响历史
C. 成功获得父母的关注 D. 很少会形成自己的个性
线索：文章的第4段提到“competition for Mom and Dad’s attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and，in fact，has shaped history. He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad.”表明选项A是正确答案。而且真的是影响了他们的性格形成，故D不正确。
【考点提示】细节判断的定位可以根据题目的顺序来判断。细节题的定位分两种，可以是不可定位的信息，也可以是根据题目顺序或题干的关键词定位信息线索。
43. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】对于形成个性因素哪句话文章没有提到？
A. 父母的逝世。 B. 孩子的语言。 C. 自然的灾难。 D. 致命的疾病。
线索：文章的第5段提到“A parent can die；a hurricane can leave us homeless；we can catch a life-threatening disease.”提到了选项A，C和D。所以排除选项B。
【考点提示】三对一错的题目是比较复杂的一种题型，要求考生对文章的细节有比较明确的了解，否则无法排除不正确的选项。建议同学们在阅读文章的时候，多注意文章中出现的一些表示列举的关键词，比如such as。同时，还要注意逗号、分号的作用，也是表示并列的关系。
44. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】词汇推断
【解析过程】“folklore”在文章的最后一段的含义是 。
A. 传统的风俗习惯和信念 B. 被证实的假设
C. 很大范围的没有任何支持的观点 D. 传说或口头保留的叙述
线索：文章的最后一段提到“although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research.”D项为表面意思，作者的意思是该说法并未得到广泛的支持，故选C。
【考点提示】词汇题的解题关键是要能够理解该词前后内容的含义，其中最主要的是要能够掌握一些表示逻辑关系的连接词，比如转折关系，因果关系，递进关系等。通过这些关系，同学们可以判断出该词的含义。
45. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】研究人员提出了下面的那句话？
A. 晚出生的孩子不会为关注而竞争。
B. 头胎出生的孩子可能会变成反叛者。
C. 晚出生的孩子生更容易生病。
D. 头胎生的孩子比年幼的孩子获得更多的关注。
综观整篇文章，我们可以比较清楚地看到，在文章的前几段，研究人员认为先出生的孩子自然会受到父母更多的关注，将来也会成就一番事业，所以选项D是正确答案。选项A、B的内容和原文表达相反。C的内容原文没有提到。
【考点提示】和原文的内容相反或称之为“张冠李戴”是出题老师设计混淆选项的一种方式。把甲的内容放到乙的身上，把乙的内容安到甲的身上，这一点同学们要非常小心。
Passage Four
金钱能够买到快乐吗？据说，有时科学家发现金钱与快乐没有什么关系，但是，那是个神话。伊利诺伊州大学的心理学家艾德说。
这种联系是很复杂的。事实上，大多数非常富有的人比非常穷困的人对生活享有更高的满足感，甚至是在富有的国家里。他说：“有压倒性的证据可以证明金钱可以买到快乐。”英国的沃立克大学的经济学家安德鲁奥斯瓦德认为主要的争论在于影响有多强烈。
奥斯瓦德最近提出了一份研究报告，关于英国人在彩票拍奖中赢得2000美金到250000美金。作为一个团体，在他们获得彩票奖两年后对他们进行调查时发现，把他们两年前赢得的水平与两年后的相比，在36分的基础上平均多了1分多，他们表现出了极大的快乐。
著名的诺贝尔奖获得者，普林斯顿经济学家，Daniel Kahneman和同事们最近宣称，挣很多钱的观念将产生好的情绪的这个想法是“通常的幻觉”，他们注意到，一个研究中表明，高收入人群的成员称自己非常快乐，这个人数几乎是那些收入在2000美金以下的人的两倍。但是另一个研究，通过整天跟随人们记录他们的感受而不是要求一个对快乐的大概估计。这个研究表明，收入对快乐感的影响很少，Kahneman和他的同事说。
还有另外一个关于金钱与快乐的歪曲的故事。尽管挣150000美金的人被认为比这些挣40000的人快乐得多，但是并不清楚为什么。密歇根国立大学的心理学家里查德，研究得出结论，任何金钱对快乐的影响都比空想家假想的要小得多。“人们夸大了由额外的几千美金买到的快乐，”奥斯瓦德说，“关系的质量比薪水上涨有更大的影响。”这是很好的建议，如果你在寻找生活中的快乐，就尝试去找一个好的丈夫或妻子，而不是双倍的薪水。
46. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】主旨推断
【解析过程】这篇文章的主要目的是去讨论 。
A. 家庭收入对于幸福的贡献作用 B. 金钱和幸福之间的复杂关系
C. 金钱和幸福的积极关系 D. 金钱和幸福的消极关系
线索：文章的第2段提到“The connection is complex in fact”，而且文章的全部内容也是围绕这个目的展开的，所以选项B是正确答案。C和D选项在文章都提到了，但都只是一个方面的内容，不是作者的主要目的。A选项文章提到了，但也只是一个细节而已。
【考点提示】主旨的判断一定要从文章的首段和文章的整篇结构把握。答案的内容应该是比较具有概括性，不可能出现非常具体的内容。
47. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】Andrew Oswald的研究表明 。
A. 证明金钱对于幸福没有任何的影响 B. 证明金钱可以买到幸福
C. 否认金钱和幸福之间的关系 D. 六合彩给人们带来幸福
线索：文章的第2段提到“There is overwhelming evidence that money buys happiness.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项A的内容过于绝对化在原文中没有提到。选项C的内容和原文“The connection is complex in fact...”表明选项C的内容不对。选项D是对的，但它不是Andrew Oswald提出的观点。
【考点提示】文章中涉及几位专家的论述时候，一定要注意是谁提出的什么观点，各自的内容和态度分别是什么，这一点在做题的时候非常关键，所以建议同学们在做题的时候可以适当地做一些标记。方便回头查找。
48. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】词汇推断
【解析过程】该词“illusory”（第四段）的含义是 。
A. 戏剧性的 B. 普通的 C. 激进的 D. 幻想的
线索：文章的第4段提到“...that the notion that making a lot of money will produce good overall mood is‘mostly illusory’”提到illusory一词。但是在第四段的最后一句话提到“These studies show less effect of income on happiness，Kahneman and colleagues said.”说明前面提到的挣很多钱能够带来好心情只能是幻想了。
【考点提示】根据上下文语境来判断。
49. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据Lucas的观点，更加富有的人的幸福 。
A. 来自他们的高收入
B. 也许和他们的高收入无任何的关系
C. 被他们的高收入鼓动
D. 不来自于他们的高收入
线索：文章的第1段提到“Even though people who make $ 150000 are considerably happier than those who make $ 40000，it’s not clear why，says psychologist Richard E.Lucas”表明选项B是正确答案。
【考点提示】根据文章题干的关键词Lucas返回原文，然后定位查找相关的线索词。
50. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据Oswald的观点，产生幸福的一个更重要的因素也许是好的 。
A. 健康 B. 情感 C. 婚姻 D. 薪水
线索：文章的最后一段提到“The quality of relationships has a far bigger effect than quite large rise in salary...It’s much better advice，if you’re looking for happiness in life，to try to find the right husband or wife than to try to double your salary.”表明选项B情感是正确答案。
【考点提示】选项的内容和原文的内容应该是相符合或重合。
Passage Five
当Frand Dale作为 《洛杉矶先驱考察家》 报纸出版商巡视的时候，这个组织刚刚结束了一场长达十年之久的罢工。他告诉我们，这其中有很多艰辛。“我发现这儿的每一个人都失去了他们的好奇心，失去了他们的棱角，没有兴趣可言，只是继续着……我有个真正的问题。”他的第一个任务是对每个人介绍他自己，感谢他们的忠诚，允许他们阐述他们的焦虑和挫折。对于“是什么让你认为你可以解决这些问题”的问题，他回答到，“我还不知道，但是三十天后，我会回来告诉你们我发现了什么”。他从赫斯特公司最优秀的人员中征募了一批优秀的人才去做一项突击式的研究。在三十天的时间里，他同全体成员一起写了一份关于我们需要做什么的报告，他已经采取了最重要的第一步骤来建立相互信任，没有相互的信任就不可能有领导。
信任是把追随者和领导者绑在一起的情感胶水。信任的积累是衡量领导阶层领导能力的合法的尺度。它不能被要求和购买，必须是争取来的。信任是所有组织机构的基本成分，是维持组织的润滑剂，领导能力如同一个神秘而令人费解的概念一样重要。
关于信任我们可以确定的一件事是，如果要产生信任，必须有可预言性，即可预言他人的行为。另一种说法是无信任的组织就像城堡的模糊的噩梦一样，在那里没有一样东西是确定的，没有人可以依靠，没有人承担责任。可预言能力带来的结果是，带来更大的成功的可能性和维持这种信任。
51. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】Frand Dale’s成为 《洛杉矶先驱考察家》 报的出版商，他面对的问题是什么？
A. 他对于出版工作已经失去了兴趣。
B. 他发现很难把自己推荐给别人。
C. 《洛杉矶先驱探索》 报纸处于非常困难的状况。
D. 《洛杉矶先驱探索》 报纸正处于为期10年的罢工困境中。
线索：文章的第1段提到“the organization had just ended a ten-year strike. There was much bitterness and as he told us...”表明选项C是正确答案。选项D和原文的内容不符合，原文是说它已经结束了一个10年的罢工。选项A是张冠李戴的错误，问题问的是Dale’s的问题，但选项说的是那些工人的问题。选项B在原文中没有提到。
【考点提示】混淆选项都是把原文中的信息拿出来，进行错误的联系，迷惑大家。
52. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】Frank Dale’s的最初几步的结果是什么？
A. 建立了相互的信任。 B. 提高了工作效率。
C. 招募了一个团队。 D. 实现了他的许诺。
线索：文章的第1段提到“He had taken the all-important first steps to establish mutual trust，without which leadership would not have been possible.”表明选项A是正确答案。选项C在原文的第1段提到了，但这不是他最初几步的结果而是一种手段。
【考点提示】文章中经常会出现一些表示绝对含义的关键词，比如：first，last，best，most，等等，这些词应该讲是非常关键的内容，大家在阅读的时候也一定要抓住它们，这样才能取得高分。
53. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据本文信任是如何建立？
A. 通过经济手段。 B. 通过法律措施。
C. 通过权威的命令。 D. 通过努力或行动。
线索：文章的第1段提到“It cannot be demanded or purchased”表明选项A和C是错误的答案。选项B的内容和原文“The accumulation of trust is a measure of the legitimacy of leadership”所表达的意思并不符合，不是通过法律手段而是通过领导能力的合适的手段，所以B是错误答案。只有选项D说明通过行为和努力，原文中第3段“it must be earned.”表达非常清楚，必须通过努力才能获得。
【考点提示】对于文章的有些细节，一定要非常关注，因为它们有可能是考查的重点。一般这样的细节都会涉及文章的一些核心概念的解释，位于文章段落的首或尾。
54. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】作者是如何考虑信任的？
A. 它很难累计增加。 B. 它使组织可以运行。
C. 它能帮助建立起权威。 D. 它相对是比较容易获得。
线索：文章的第1段提到“He had taken the all-important first steps to establish mutual trust，without which leadership would not have been possible.”表达得非常清楚，没有信任，领导的权威是无法建立的。选项A在文章没有提到是否艰难的问题。选项B和原文的内容“the lubrication that maintains the organization”不符合，原文的含义是维持组织的运行，而不是B说的使组织开始运行。
【考点提示】认真思考选项是否正确一定要非常紧密的结合文章考虑。当然，有些题目在同学们实际考试的时候不可能都解决，但原则上规定一定要返回原文和原文的内容进行对照，然后才能得出正确答案。
55. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】举例作用
【解析过程】作者提出Kafka’s The Castle的目的？
A. 表示人们的行为是可以预见的。 B. 描写关于噩梦般的故事。
C. 证明信任的重要性。 D. 证明没有一个人可以依靠。
原文中说的Kafka城堡的故事是为了说明没有信任的组织是非常令人害怕的。所以，选项C是正确答案。B和D说的都是该故事本身，而不是引用这个故事的目的，所以选项B和D是不正确的。
【考点提示】举例作用题往往会有一个选项是说该例子本身的情况，而这个选项肯定是不正确的答案。
Part Ⅳ Cloze
增肥或减肥的过程可以通过把你的身体与车进行类比而得到解释。两者都与燃料 56 ，对身体来说是食物，而对汽车来说是汽油，两者都先将燃料 57 为热量，然后转化为能量。这些 58 中的一部分用来工作，另一部分作为尾气被排放出去。 59 车辆在开动时比停下时用的能源要多，人的身体 60 ，在工作时比休息 61 用的多。
62 这一类比的目的上看，两者之间有一个比较重要的区别。汽车不能通过把燃料转化成别的 63 进行储藏，所有没有被 64 的汽油还是汽油。但你的身体会把 65 的能量储藏成脂肪。当油箱 66 空时，汽车就不会开动，但你的身体可以燃烧脂肪来提供更多的能量。
因此，如果你想增加体重，你应该做以下 67 两种事情，吸收更多的卡路里（更多单位的热量）或 68 来减少卡路里的消耗。如果你想减少体重，你可以做 69 的事情：减少卡路里的摄入量或增加你消耗的能量。除此 70 的办法。增加或减少体重总是一种通过吸收能量和消耗潜在能量的关系。
56. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】固定搭配
【考点剖析】run in“跑进，顺便采访”；run on“连续，涉及，与……有关”；run for“竞选”；run against“撞上，偶遇，违反”。这里是指依靠燃料。用on。
57. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】convert“转化”；use“使用”；spend“花费”；burn“燃烧”。这里意思是说将燃料转化为别的东西。
58. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】修饰限定
【考点剖析】这里空格上的词是用来代替前面的先行词energy，在宾语从句中作主语。
59. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】whereas“然而”；although“尽管”；just because“仅仅因为”，just as“正如”。根据后面的意思，作者显然在作类比。
60. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】固定句型，so does 表示也怎么样的意思。
61. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】平行结构
【考点剖析】and前后结构意思相似，因此容易选出C。
62. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】连接词
【考点剖析】前面将车与人的身体作了类比，后句又讲了两者的区别，可见这里的连词要表示转折的意思。
63. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】something意思相符；everything，nothing不合句意；anything通常用于否定中。
64. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】filled“装满”；wasted“浪费”；saved“保存”；consumed“消耗”，根据句意，是指没有被消耗的汽油还是汽油。
65. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】useless“无用的”；enough“足够”；excess“过量的”；extensive“广大的，广泛的”。前句说没有用完的汽油还是汽油，但这句和上句做对比，说没有用完的能量会被储藏成脂肪。
66. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】half“部分地”；completely“完全地”；almost“几乎，差不多”；hardly“几乎不”。和后句的意思联系起来，显然只有完全空的情况下，汽车才不会开动。
67. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】either表示两者之一。
68. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】inactivity“静止，不活动”；inattention“疏忽”；eyeing“注视”；jogging“慢跑”。为了少消耗能量，不活动是最好的方法。
69. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】修饰限定
【考点剖析】reverse“相反的”；relevant“相关的”；different“不同的”；same“相同的”。or表转折，所以reverse正好与之相对应。
70. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】not only“不仅”；no other“没有其他的”；another“其他的”；some“一些”。整段意思是说没有别的改变体重的方法。
Part Ⅴ Error Detection and Correction
71. 【正确答案】B，改为used to be
【句子翻译】相对于以前，孩子遵循父亲足迹的情况正变得越来越少见。
【考点类型】句子结构
【考点剖析】used to 是固定词组。表示过去常常。
【考点扩展】used to 表达过去经常或持续的行为；如：I used to live in
72. 【正确答案】A，改为no matter how
【句子翻译】一个人不管多么贫穷，他总能找到一些值得感谢的东西。
【考点类型】状语从句
【考点剖析】no matter 引导让步状语从句，后面的句子缺少一个修饰poor 的特殊疑问词how.
【考点扩展】本句也可修改成：However poor one may be，one can always find something to be thankful for.
73. 【正确答案】B，改为do woman have
【句子翻译】历史上没有什么时候比在现在让女人更加享有选择职业的自由。
【考点类型】倒装句
【考点剖析】句子前面是否定时，后面的部分主语和谓语要倒装。
【考点扩展】表否定的词或短语位于句首时，一般句子结构采用主谓倒装的形式。如：In no case，have I noticed him do a mistake.
74. 【正确答案】A，改为have claimed
【句子翻译】美国芭蕾舞剧的崇拜者认为他们的明星能够和俄罗斯的艺术家跳得一样好，甚至更好。
【考点类型】主谓一致
【考点剖析】一个句子的主语和谓语必须一致，本句主语是admirers而不是American ballet。
【考点扩展】当名词 + and + 名词表示一种事物或一种概念时，应用单数动词Flash and chips is a popular supper.
75. 【正确答案】B，改为resembling
【句子翻译】科学家创造了一个有头脑，四只腿的机器人，它和海星很像：能够感受到身体受到的损害并想办法进行恢复。
【考点类型】独立结构
【考点剖析】resembling引导的独立结构修饰前面的robot.
【考点扩展】独立结构修饰名词，放在名词的后面。如：There are many students speaking English in this class.
76. 【正确答案】C，改为when
【句子翻译】我们现在正处在我们国家历史上的一个关键时期，无论是作为个人还是国家都没法回到十年、五年甚至一年前的样子。
【考点类型】时间状语从句
【考点剖析】后面一句话主语和谓语都有了，从意思上看是一个完整的句子，只差状语。
【考点扩展】时间状语从句表时间，其关联词有as，after，before，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，as long as，as soon as，now（that）等。
77. 【正确答案】D，改为spend on
【句子翻译】他指出在工人工作时间和花在熟练劳动力的时间之间存在严重缺口。
【考点类型】固定搭配
【考点剖析】spend 有两种用法，spend on sth.，spent in doing sth.
【考点扩展】Ｉ spend one hour studying English every day.
78. 【正确答案】C，改为was
【句子翻译】如果当时可能的话我就会来找你，但我那时候太忙了。
【考点类型】过去时
【考点剖析】仅看后一句就知道应该用过去时。
【考点扩展】关键是要知道then 的意思，即在那时。
79. 【正确答案】D，改为grown
【句子翻译】现在农场上的植物都是从野生植物培育而来的。
【考点类型】过去分词
【考点剖析】只看后半句从语法上就可以知道正确答案
【考点扩展】为了看得更清楚，可以把过去分词改为从句形式，即plants which once was grown wild.
80. 【正确答案】C，改为doubled
【句子翻译】在过去几十年中，这个小镇上的人口已经超过原来的两倍了。
【考点类型】重复
【考点剖析】这里不能加it是因为英语句子最忌讳的重复，这里加上it就和前面的主语重复了，故要去掉。
【考点扩展】The question is very difficult for me to figure it out. （×）
The question is very difficult for me to figure out.（√）
Paper Two试卷二
Part Ⅰ Translation
Section A
1. The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in congress.
【结构分析】这是一个简单句。主语是test，但test后面是接一个定语从句修饰主语，谓语是have been，宾语是the target，后面以介词引导短语修饰宾语，说明地点。
【词义推敲】standardized adj. 标准化的 standard 标准，水平，扩展
ISO = International Standard Organization国际标准组织
educational adj. 教育的，教育体制
educational system，其名词形式为education，educator 教育家
psychological adj. 心理的，心理学的；名词：psychology，psychologist n.心理学家
assign v. 分配，委派 assignment 任务
employee n. 雇员；employ v. 雇用；employer n.雇主
【参考译文】标准化教育测试或心理教育测试现在广泛应用于协助选拔、分类、委派或提升学生、雇员和军事人员，这些测试一直是某些人近年来在图书、杂志、日报甚至国会中抨击的目标。
2. The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users。
【结构分析】这是一个复合句。前后由两个句子组成，但第二个是说明原因的，说明为什么抨击的目标是不对的。
【词义推敲】critic n. 批评家 critical adj. 挑剔的，关键的
ill-informed adj. 消息闭塞的、不灵通的 well-informed adj. 消息灵通的
Incompetent adj. 不能力的，不能胜任的 competent adj. 有能力的，能胜任的
【参考译文】把这种标准化测试作为抨击的目标是不对的。因为，在抨击这种测试时，抨击者没有考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
3. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.
【结构分析】这是一个简单句。后面以介词with引导一个定语从句作状语修饰characteristics。
【词义推敲】merely adj. 仅仅，相当于only
characteristics n. 特色，特点；中国特色社会主义 socialism with Chinese characteristics
measure v. 衡量，测量 也可作名词，是措施的意思
【参考译文】这些测试本身只是一种工具，其各种特性是可以在规定的条件下用适当的精度来测定的。
4. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
【结构分析】这是个主语从句。主语是以whether引导的一个句子，谓语是depend upon，翻译时就可以理解为，看什么东西怎么样，是取决于什么的。
【词义推敲】meaningless adj. 无意义的，其反义词是meaningful
mislead v. 误导 由前缀mis-加引导lead构成
depend upon 取决于，由什么决定
【参考译文】测试的结果是有价值的，还是没意义的，甚至是误导的，部分取决于这种工具本身，但主要取决于测试的使用者。
Section B
1. 最近一项调查表明，中国大部分的建筑无论是办公楼还是居民楼，消耗的电资源或水资源比发达国家的同类建筑都要多，例如，北京的居民平均消耗是气候类似的德国北部家庭的三倍。
【结构分析】这个句子很长，但整个句子是围绕调查结果来展开的，因此，开始就可以说a survey indicates...，后面的包括举例，都是说明这个结果的。
【词义推敲】survey，investigation，probe n. 调查
building，architecture建筑
residential buildings居民楼 resident居民
【参考范文】A survey made recently indicates that most of buildings in China，no matter for office or residential purpose，all consume more electricity and water resources compared to that of foreign countries. For instance，energy consumption for Beijing residents is three times as much as that of the families in north German under the similar weather conditions.
2. 中国是资源短缺的国家，我们必须节约资源，才能保证我国经济持续发展。
【结构分析】我们可以把这个句子看成是表因果关系的。原因是中国缺乏资源，所以我们必须得节约。首先可以用as 引导说明原因，后面可以用in order to 表示我们要节约资源的目的。
【词义推敲】保证 ensure，guarantee
持续发展 sustainable development
【参考译文】As an energy shortage country，therefore we Chinese should cherish resources so as to ensure the sustainable development for Chinese economy.
Part Ⅱ Guided Writing
参考范文：
Who and How to Take Care of Seniors？
Since China adopted one-child policy，together with improvement made in the social undertakings such as welfare and health care，there has emerged a problem of how to support seniors in recent years.
As every coin has two sides，the side effect of one-child policy has appeared，for example，the child regarded by other family members as the little prince or princess，always has his wishes satisfied without difficulty. Growing up in this family，no wonder they lack in sense of caring for others and learning to be independent of parents. Can they support their aging parents whose life expectancy has been prolonged？
To effectively cope with this social problem of taking care of seniors today，I may put forward several suggestions as follows：First，young adults in a family should spend more time with their elder members，giving financial help，chatting over favorite topics，doing family work. Secondly，the governments at all levels should finance the construction of more seniors care centers for aged people who wish to lessen the burden of their children. Last but not the least，the sense of responsibility for caring the seniors should be planted to the heart of everyone.
To sum up，I firmly hold that taking care of the seniors is one of Chinese traditional virtue and it involves the effort of young adults together with love from every corner of the society，particular social institutions. Only by doing so can we build a harmonious society.
