Passage One
Joan小姐带着孩子们坐车去Greenly果园摘苹果，事先已经按介绍册上的价格和约定做了团体预购。但是到达果园之后却发现门票上涨，而且又不能摘苹果，这一切的起因是果园主人Greenly先生随意变更和解释条款，于是Joan小姐非常生气，决定取消这次不快旅行。
It was Friday, the day of the field trip on which Miss Joan would take her class to pick apples.①
Miss Joan enjoyed picking apples with her students. She smiled as she led her students to the bus that would take them to the Greenly Apple Orchard（果园）.
The bus ride was bumpy and the kids were a little noisy, but still Miss Joan was smiling.
The bus stopped in front of the Greenly Orchard Store and the class got off quickly and quietly. Miss Joan made sure everyone was there. “What a glorious, sunny, apple picking day,” Miss Joan announced with her grandest smile.
Mr. Greenly was there to greet them. “Let see, there are eighteen children and two adults at three dollars each. That will be sixty dollars, please.”
Miss Joan held up the brochure in her hand. “It says that the price is two dollars each,” she pointed ort. “That’s what I collected from everyone.”②
“We’ve had to raise the price,” Mr. Greenly stated.
“You sent me this brochure after we made our reservation,” Miss Joan complained, “and it says two dollars!”
“Miss Joan, if you look at the bottom of this brochure,” Mr. Greenly said, “you’ll notice a very important statement.”
Sure enough, in very tiny letters, it said, “Prices are subject to change without notice.”③
Miss Joan was determined to keep her good mood. She took a twenty dollars bill out of her own purse and handed it to Mr. Greenly with the forty dollars she had in an envelope.④
“Now children, do you all have your baskets?” Miss Joan called out. “Remember, you can pick as many apples six apples each.”
“I beg your pardon!” Miss Joan was not smiling now. “The brochure says, ‘ALL YOU CAN PICK’!”
Mr. Greenly pointed to the tiniest letters Miss Joan had ever almost seen. It also says, “Terms and conditions of group reservations are subject to change without notice.”⑤
Miss Joan’s good mood was now history.⑥ She didn’t want to set a bad example for her students, so she said in a calm and quiet voice, “We’re going home, give me our money back, please.”
Notes： ① 这天是星期五,一个适于户外活动的好日子, Joan想带着全班同学去摘苹果。
② “这些钱都是我从学生那里收来的。”
③“价格如有变更，恕不另行通知。”
④ 她从钱包中掏出20美元然后与她放在信封里的40美元一起交给了Greenly先生。
⑤那些文字写着：“团体预定的期限和条件由果园决定，无需另行通知。”
⑥ Joan 小姐不再有好心情。
31.How many dollars did Miss Joan hand to Mr. Greenly?
A. 20. B. 40. C. 60. D. 18
32.The phrase “subject to change without notice” suggests .
A. Mr. Greenly could change the terms at will.
B. the customers should read the brochure carefully
C. Mr. Greenly could determine what apples to be picked.
D. the customers should be informed beforehand.
33.The students could not pick as many apples as they would like because .
A.they were children.
B.there were not enough apples.
C.they had made a group reservation.
D.they would eat up too many apples.
34. “Miss Joan’s good mood was now history?”(the last paragraph) means .
A.Miss Joan had been happy until that moment.
B.Miss Joan was no longer interested in history.
C.Miss Joan taught her students the history of the orchard.
D.Miss Joan was good at concealing her feelings
35.What can we learn about Miss Joan from the story?
A.She did not read the brochure carefully.
B.She made a reservation after seeing the brochure.
C.She lost her temper in the end.
D.She didn’t know how to complain.
答案:CACAA
Passage Two 从文化和文明的字面意义,延伸出它们各自的起源和相互关系以及各自特征。它们都起源于拉丁文,这两个单词的结合精确地揭示了人类发展的进程。 Both civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists(人类学家), historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same. Although modern in their usage, the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. ①Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings.② From this definition it would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture. The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, till the soil.③ But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate one’s interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings. One of the basic and best-know features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon, a result of creativity. ④It took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest, most advanced model of automobile. It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkey’s cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder.⑤ Monkeys have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers(海狸)their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination, and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to buildings. Notes： ①civilization一词来源于拉丁语civis，是“城市，城市化”的意思。 ②这样，“文明”这一单词最基本的意思是人们在城市，和社会群体中和谐共存的能力。 ③ 文化一词来源于拉丁语“colere”，意思是耕作土地。 ④但比单纯应用工具更重要的是人类在不断改进工具和扩展工具，这是人类创造力不断发展的结果。 ⑤猴子可以用木棍从树上打下香蕉，但是猴子用尽全部智慧也无法把这根木棍改造成钩子或梯子。 36. What does the author think of the words “civilization” and “culture”? A. They are identical. B. They are different concepts. C. They can often be used interchangeably. D. They are defined differently by different people. 37. According to the author the word “civilization” originally refers to . A. people’s way of life in cities B. people’s ability to live together in cities C. a type of social organizations D. an advanced level of social life 38. The Latin verb colere originally means “ ”. A. live in a city B. develop oneself C. promote growth D. cultivate the land 39. The author believes that creativity . A. is a unique feature of civilized beings B. brings forth the improvement of tools C. is the result of human development D. helps the advance of culture 40. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that . A. monkeys are the same as birds B. people once lived in caves like monkeys C. monkeys can never develop into human beings D. man is different from other animals such as monkeys 答案:BBDBD Passage Three 本文介绍了生态旅游对野生动物健康状况和它们的生存环境带来的负面影响。作者呼吁旅游者保护动物生存环境，有关部门加强对生态旅游的规范和管理。 The huge growth of global “ecotourism” industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. Overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress, abnormal behaviour and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears, dolphins and gorillas(大猩猩)，says a report in New Scientist. While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats, many projects are poorly designed and unregulated,① it says. “Many ecotourist projects are unaudited, unauthorized and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”② Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon, of the “Transmission of disease to wildlife, or subtle changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily routines or increased stress levels may translate to lowered survival and breeding,”④ he said. Research at the In Africa, gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by tourists and mongooses(蠓)have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. ⑤The Galapagos Islands, where visitor numbers are strictly controlled, is a good model. Notes： ① endangered species 濒危物种habitats栖息地poorly designed and unregulated缺乏规划和无序管理。尽管有序的生态旅游有助于促使人们保护濒临灭绝的物种和它们的栖息地，但很多项目都是缺乏规划和无序管理的。 ② unaudited未经审批的unauthorized未经许可的 hint 暗示，表示。 “许多生态旅游项目是未经审批的，未经许可的，这些项目只是模糊的暗示它们是按环境友好政策来进行运做的。 ③…… 尽管大部分旅游项目依照基本规则利用土地并避免惊吓到野生动物，他们对野生动物造成的巨大影响却往往被忽视掉。 ④“把疾病传染给野生动物，人类每日活动或给动物造成的生存压力引起野生动物健康的微妙变化，降低了野生动物的存活率和生育能力。” ⑤专家们说对于这个问题最好的解决方案只能是加强对生态旅游的规范和管理。 41. Ecotourism is meant to . A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife B. have wild species respond well to contact with humans C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behaviour D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife 42. According to New Scientist, many ecotourist projects . A. really encourage people to protect wildlife and its habitat B. strictly follow environmentally friendly policies C. actually lack proper examination and official approval D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species 43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present “ecotourism” practice goes on? A. It will disturb their life. B. It will affect their health. C. It will increase their stress. D. It will threaten their survival. 44. According to the passage, the growth in the global “ecotourism” industry . A. reflects an increasing concern for conservation B. arouses a growing concern for conservation C. coincides with a mounting concern for conservation D. originates from a grater concern for conservation 45. According to the passage, a solution to the “ecotourism” problem is to . A. encourage people to manage endangered species B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings C. help wild animals increase their fitness D. prevent wildlife from catching human diseases 答案:ACDBB Passage Four 本文是一篇科技文章。主要介绍了机器翻译和人脑翻译的区别。计算机虽然功能强大，但只能翻译特别枯燥的技术性语言，无法胜任需要用直觉、缜密的逻辑思维进行组织，同时融进情感因素的人类语言翻译。 Computers can beat chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, ①count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today’s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power. ② Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “You foot bone’s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone’s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary. But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. ③Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. ④ A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen(围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used. In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future. ⑤ Notes： ① beat 击败。在与Gary Kasparov的围棋对决中，计算机可以轻易地击败他。 ② program the computer为计算机设计程序；common sense reasoning power判断推理能力 科学家至今还无法为计算机设计程序，使它具有与人想媲美的判断推理能力。 ③ beyond the scope 在……范围之外。但是对于高度敏感性的话题的翻译，如重要的外交语言翻译，则在计算机翻译程序范围之外。 ④ 人类翻译员靠直觉而不是逻辑来把文字和短语翻成其它语言。 ⑤ 但即使付出了这么多的努力，程序员们还是承认具有“思考能力”的计算机在未来也无法被发明出来。 46. Computers today are capable of . A. defeating the best chess player in the world B. telling subtle differences between languages C. translating over 60 percent of difficult texts C. doing human-like common sense reasoning 47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Computers can translate dry and difficult phrases. B. Computers can understand sensitive language. C. Computers can translate technical language. C. Computers can understand pre-programmed words. 48. The major problem with computer translating programs is that computers . A. can not translate illogical sentences B. do not have a large enough capacity of memory C. can not understand grammatical rules D. do not have intuition to process language 49. To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to . A. use powerful rule-programmed computers B. teach computers to think by practice C. have computers compile translating dictionaries D. add explanations of words in computer programs 50. The passage suggests that . A. the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raised B. it is impossible for computers to think as humans do C. only technical language is suitable for machine translation D. it is impossible to determine of identical words 答案:ABABB Passage Five 本文讲述的是几年前互联网兴起的年代美国白领阶级和企业高层管理者在上班着装上发生了变化,从保守的西装转为身着休闲装,而现在西装又再度流行,这一转变一方面由是出于工作环境要求,着正装有利于创造工作气氛，另一方面是因为员工所接触的客户日益增多，树立良好企业和个人形象有助拓展业务。 Several years ago during the dot-com passion, But now the tables have turned. Today While there isn’t a rush toward formal office wear, clothiers and executives say the workplace uniform is heading that way. In many offices, men are wearing jackets, ties and pants more frequently than a year age. Top women executives never went as casual as men, so the shift doesn’t affect them as dramatically.③ “Business casual” took several years to catch on. It started with casual Fridays, evolved to casual summers, then became casual everyday. ④A return to the button-down look also will take time, observers say. Lehman Brothers is one of the few major firms that has officially returned to a formal dress policy, at least for offices that clients visit. Men were told to wear suits and ties and women to wear suits or dresses. The shift is due to a rethinking of work environments and more contacts with clients as the firm has grown. Observers mention many factors driving the trend. Internet companies helped lead the dress-down movement and other industries followed suit to attract workers. But with the collapse of many dot-coms, the relaxed look is becoming a style to avoid.⑤ Moreover, as the economy stumbles, more people are hunting for jobs or trying to keep the ones they have, and appearance counts. US President Bush wears a coat and tie in the White House office and expects his staff to dress “professionally,” which some say sets a tome for the nation. Chuck Wardell, managing director of a recruiting firm, believes a lot of employees like a stiffer uniform. “They’re going to work. They don’t want to feel like they’re going to a picnic.” Notes： ① dot-com passion 互联网热。几年前互联网事业蓬勃发展的时候，曼哈顿律师John Kennedy ② Fortune 500美国《财富》杂志每年评选出的世界排名前500名的跨国企业。dust off 抹去灰尘，引申意思是把衣服收拾到衣柜中。怪不得《财富》500强的执行官们开始把他们的丝绸领带和短裤束之高阁了。 ③高级女执行官从没像男人一样穿着休闲装上班，因此她们的着装风格并没有受到什么影响。 ④最开始人们只是在周五休闲日才穿休闲装，后来发展到在休闲夏日，最后竟然成了每天都穿着很休闲的服装。 ⑤随着许多互联网公司的倒闭，无拘束的装扮不再成为一种时尚。 51.”Business casual” was prevalent several years ago because _____________. A. the B. shaking hands with clients became popular C. the country was fighting the conservatives D. the Internet companies boomed then 52. When the “business casual” prevailed, ______________. A. businessmen wore ties only in workplace B. businessmen didn’t wear ties at all C. businesswomen didn’t wear formally in workplace D. businesswomen still wore formally everywhere 53. The Fortune 500 executives__________. A. set the trend toward more casual wear B. are particular about what they wear C. begin to wear suits more often than before D. are usually indifferent to fashion trend 54. At the beginning of the “business casual” trend, business people wore casually___________. A. when meeting clients B. on weekends C. in summer D. almost every day 55. It is implied in the passage that the change of business dress from the casual to the formal reflects_____. A. the changed of people’s taste in fashion B. the ups and downs of the fashion industry C. the ups and downs of the Internet companies D. people’s different preference in business dress 答案:DDCBC
