2002年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试
Paper One试卷一（90 minutes）
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension（20 minutes，15 points）（略）
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary（15 minutes，15 points）
Section A
Directions：In this section there are fifteen sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
16. I’d like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt gratitude to the host.
A. increase B. prolong C. intensify D. express
17. Chinese farmers are mostly living a simple and thrifty life as it is today.
A. miserable B. economical C. luxurious D. sensible
18. Many of the local residents left homes to ward off the danger of flooding.
A. overcome B. enclose C. encounter D. avoid
19. The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.
A. conferences B. conversations C. practices D. formations
20. Personality in Americans is further complicated by successive waves of immigration from various countries.
A. uninterrupted B. successful C. forceful D. overwhelming
21. Without question，people’s lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades.
A. Out of the question B. No doubt
C. Naturally D. Obviously
22. The dean can’t see you at the moment. He is addressing the first-year students in the lecture hall.
A. complaining to B. arguing with
C. speaking to D. consulting with
23. He does nothing that violates the interests of the collective.
A. runs for B. runs against C. runs over D. runs into
24. As a result of sophisticated technologies，this device has several advantages over like products.
A. traditional B. intelligent C. industrious D. advanced
25. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since he had a heart attack.
A. improved a little B. remained the same
C. become worse D. changed a lot
26. When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.
A. lasting B. serious C. terrible D. temporary
27. One U.S. dollar is comparable to 131 Japanese yen according to China Daily’s finance news report yesterday.
A. compatible B. compact C. equal D. entitled
28. At that time work was restricted to slaves and to those few poor citizens who couldn’t support themselves.
A. attributed B. limited C. connected D. devoted
29. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of narrow-minded prejudice.
A. lessening B. reflecting C. removing D. increasing
30. When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person，he will think twice about it.
A. passive B. lifelong C. unhappy D. fatal
Section B
Directions：In this section，there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
31. This great project at the Three Gorges of the Yangtze is expected to ____ twenty years to complete.
A. spend B. consume C. need D. take
32. His effort of decades began to____. He came to be well-known for his findings.
A. pay off B. die off C. put off D. break off
33. The ____ of lung cancer is particularly high among long-term heavy smokers，especially chain smokers.
A. incident B. accident C. incidence D. evidence
34. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style____over another before being replaced.
A. dominates B. manipulates C. overwhelms D. prevails
35. Mrs. Brown couldn’t shake the____that these kids were in deep trouble and it was up to her to help them.
A. conversion B. conviction C. conservation D. convention
36. X-rays are also called Rontgen rays____the discoverer who first put them to use.
A. in case of B. in view of C. in place of D. in honor of
37. Telecommunication developments have enabled people to send messages____ television，radio and electronic mail.
A. via B. amid C. past D. across
38. Technology has____the sharing，storage and delivery of information，thus making more information available to more people.
A. finished B. furnished C. functioned D. facilitated
39. The philosophy class began with twenty students but three ____ after the midterm exam.
A. picked up B. turned out C. dropped out D. kept up
40. The following account by the author____the difference between European and American reactions.
A. illustrates B. acquires C. demands D. deletes
41. An intimate and____knowledge of how you are doing in the customer’s eyes is critical.
A. objective B. subordinate C. optional D. subsequent
42. Long to harmful pollutants is most likely to lead to a decline in health.
A. contact B. touch C. use D. exposure
43. The architectural differences may____confusion or discomfort for the foreign travelers.
A. vary B. describe C. cause D. impress
44. being fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.
A. Rather than B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Owing to
45. Even at discounted prices，these powerful AIDS drugs are far beyond ____ for most of the world’s 40 million HIV-infected people.
A. reach B. control C. comprehension D. imagination
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension（40 minutes，25 points）
Directions：There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One
John Grisham was born on February 2，1955，in Jonesboro，Arkansas，in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America，stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in
One day at the Dessoto County courthouse，Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at
When he’s not writing，Grisham devotes time to charitable causes，including mission trips with his church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player，and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26 Little League teams.
46. John Grisham is at present.
A. a writer B. a lawyer
C. a professional baseball player D. a congressman
47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel？
A. A case of murder. B. A case of rape.
C. His father’s experience. D. His life on the farm.
48. The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on .
A. how the girl was attacked B. the circumstances of the rape
C. how the girl’s father took revenge D. how the case of rape was settled
49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm？
A. It was popular at the time of publication.
B. It earned Grisham great fame.
C. It brought Grisham wealth.
D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.
50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property .
A. to achieve his life’s goal as a professional baseball player
B. to coach children in baseball
C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the children
D. to provide facilities of baseball training
Passage Two
A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty，giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries，allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.
For this reason，the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.
Can education for all be achieved by 2015？The answer is definitely“yes”，although it is a difficult task. If we know measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.
Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution，including use of information technologies，flexible and targeted foreign aid，and fewer people living in poverty.
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria，foreign assistance can be highly effective.
51. In the first paragraph，the author suggests that a quality education can .
A. free countries from foreign rules
B. speed up social progress
C. give people freedom
D. liberate people from any exploitation
52. Ideally，the goal of the program of Education for All is to by 2015.
A. get all the world’s children to complete primary school
B. enroll all the world’s children into primary school
C. give quality education to people of 88 countries
D. support those committed to transforming their education systems
53. countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.
A. 32 B.
54. According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy？
A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.
B. Improving the quality of education.
C. Using information technologies.
D. Building more primary school.
55. As can be gathered from the last paragraph，foreign aid .
A. may not be highly effective
B. is provided only when some criteria are met
C. alone makes development possible
D. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind
Passage Three
Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts，but only because they’ve been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat，and Asiatic lions，a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100000 years ago，hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory.
India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions，which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary（保护区）. It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest—and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will hide in the forest unseen，but a lion stands its ground，curious and unafraid—lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close，Gir’s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction；Gir has as many lions as it can hold—too many，in fact. With territory in short supply，lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether，often clashing with people. That’s one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons：outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa’s Serengeti lions—a thousand animals—a fate that could easily happen to Gir’s cats. These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals.“If you do a DNA test，Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins.”says Stephen O’Brien，a geneticist（基因学家）who has studied them. Yet the dangers are hidden，and you wouldn’t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality，and no small measure of charm.
Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’s time to eat，meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer，or a young male eating an antelope（羚羊），there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa，and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.
56. In the first paragraph，the author tells us that Asiatic lions .
A. have killed off other lions
B. have descended from African lions
C. used to span vast sections of the globe
D. have lost their habitat
57. What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest？
A. Their friendliness. B. Their size.
C. Their intimacy. D. Their vitality.
58. What does the sentence“...meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair”mean？
A. The lions do not show intimacy among them any more.
B. The lions may not deed to fight for food.
C. Food is not readily available in that region.
D. Meals can be obtained only with great effort.
59. The lions in the Gir Forest are especially vulnerable to disease because .
A. they have descended from a dozen or so ancestors
B. they are smaller than the African lions
C. they do not have enough to eat
D. they are physically weaker than the African lions
60. One of the reasons why India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions is that
.
A. the present sanctuary is not large enough
B. scientists want to do more research on them
C. they have killed many people
D. the forest is shrinking in size
Passage Four
After retirement from medical，my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by yacht clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The“lifestyle”of many of the native islanders stood in shocking contrast to my comfortable existence.
By talking to the local folks，I discovered that the vast majority of the maids，gardeners，waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed outrageous to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang in my head again：“What did you do for someone today？”
Even though my father had died several years before，I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services，we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea，so long as they could be relicensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence，but I was able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.
The town donated land，local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends ornamenting the building that would become the clinic. We named it volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 1994，fully staffed by retired physicians，nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5000 patient visits；last year we had 16000.
Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country，asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could—there are now 15 other clinics operating—but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north，to McNeil Consumer Healthcare，the maker of Tylenol（泰诺：一种感冒药）. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.
61. What is the passage mainly about？
A. The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.
B. The story of a man who likes to give others advice.
C. The life and work of a great father.
D. The inspiration of a father’s words.
62. The author of the passage is .
A. a retired physician B. a retired teacher
C. a retired medical researcher D. a retired construction worker
63. The purpose of Volunteers in Medicine is to .
A. help retired medical workers improve their incomes
B. provide free medical services to those who need them
C. urge the government to set up non-profit clinics
D. make the dream of the author’s father come true
64. Which of the following has been done by the author himself？
A. Buying the medical equipment.
B. Finding the land and the office.
C. Decorating the building that would become the clinic.
D. Getting a special license for the retired doctors.
65. In the last paragraph，“I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil”implies that .
A. my father’s words finally reached McNeil
B. McNeil decided to do something for the needy people
C. My father decided to assist us in opening more clinics in the north
D. McNeil community was badly in need of free health care programs
Passage Five
Even before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author，he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts，he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam. But as Ellis’s reputation grew-his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize—the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year，after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war，someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime（揭发）. Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis，famous for explaining the nation’s history，had some explaining to do about his own past.
“Even in the best of lives，mistakes are made.”said a wretched Ellis . It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the Army，he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point（西点军校）. He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues，fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand. Even among the distinguished achievers，security experts say，one in ten is deceiving-indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism（剽窃），fictionalizing military records，making up false academic certificates or worse. And，oddly，prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous，says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates，which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod：“It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”
Then what makes them do it？Psychologists say some people succeed，at least in part，because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known，those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings.“From outside，these people look anything but fragile，”says Dennis Shulman，a New York psychoanalyst.“But inside，they feel hollow，empty.”
66. Which of the following is true about Ellis？
A. He is a famous professor of history at West Point.
B. His book on the Vietnam war has won two important prizes.
C. He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.
D. He has written a best-seller for a newspaper—The Boston Globe.
67. While Ellis served in the Army，he .
A. combated in Vietnam
B. taught at a military school
C. exaggerated his part as a historian
D. made mistakes in the antiwar movement
68. What did Ellis lie about？
A. His war experience in Vietnam.
B. His athletic records in high school.
C. His role in the antiwar movement.
D. All of the above.
69. What does“to climb the ladder”in the second paragraph mean？
A. To become more successful.
B. To inquire into one’s background.
C. To cover one’s serious offenses.
D. To go further in beautifying one’s past.
70. According to psychologists，successful people who lie about themselves .
A. take pride in their weaknesses B. feel weak in their hearts
C. think nothing of others D. look weak to others
Part Ⅳ Cloze（15 minutes，10 points）
Directions：In this part ，there is a passage with twenty blanks . For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
With 950 million people，India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China 71 a family planning program in 1971，India has been closing the 72 . Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly 73 the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue，India’s population will 74 China’s around the year 2028 75 about 1.7 billion.
Should that happen，it won’t be the 76 of the enlightened women of Kerala，a state in southern India. 77 India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year，Kerala’s population is virtually 78 . The reason is no mystery：nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control， 79 about 40% in the entire nation.
The difference 80 the emphasis put on health programs， 81 birth control，by the state authorities， 82 in 1957 became India’s first elected Communist 83 . And an educational tradition and matrilineal（母系的）customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 84 good schooling. While one in three Indian women is 85 ，90% of those in Kerala can read and write.
Higher literacy rates 86 Family planning.“Unlike our Parents，we know that we can do more for our children if we have 87 of them，”says Laila Cherian，33，who lives in the Village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself 88 three children-one below the national
89 of four. That kind of restraint（抑制；克制）will keep Kerala from putting added 90 on world food supplies.
71. A. discovered B. circulated C. launched D. transmitted
72. A. gap B. top C. bit D. bet
73. A. as many as B. as well as C. as soon as D. as much as
74. A. shake B. pass C. rocket D. impress
75. A. on B. in C. at D. for
76. A. force B. fight C. false D. fault
77. A. While B. Since C. Because D. Suppose
78. A. reliable B. stable C. countable D. flexible
79. A. benefited from B. involved with C. compared with D. resulted from
80. A. lies in B. shows off C. results in D. departs from
81. A. reviving B. including C. practicing D. containing
82. A. that B. since C. what D. which
83. A. group B. alliance C. government D. bureau
84. A. equally B. officially C. sharply D. proudly
85. A. cultural B. literate C. native D. responsible
86. A. foster B. hamper C. reform D. advocate
87. A. less B. more C. fewer D. better
88. A. in B. at C. as D. to
89. A. statistics B. average C. tendency D. category
90. A. increase B. challenge C. pressure D. complaint
Paper Two试卷二（60 minutes）
Part Ⅰ Error Detection and Correction（10 minutes，10 points）
Directions：Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A，B，C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect. Then，write down the corresponding letter and，without altering the meaning of the sentence，put the correction on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. The new technology has made possible for the doctor to make diagnoses without seeing the
A B C
patient in person.
D
2. Customers are asked to ensure that they have given correct change before leaving the shop as
A B C
mistakes cannot be afterwards remedied.
D
3. This research program is financed by two funds，the largest of which could last for two years.
A B C D
4. The fact which a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor does not mean that he will
A B C
indeed be able to act well on the stage.
D
5. There is few evidence that children in language classrooms learn foreign languages any better
A B C
than adults in similar classroom situations.
D
6. Although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer，it can help you enjoying the years
A B C
you do live.
D
7. While schools developing online curricula try to strike a balance between profits and prestige，
A B
many educators are confusing about their role in this digital world.
C D
8. He was caught cheating in the examination. If he had had a tail，he would put it between his
A B C D
legs.
9. When he speaks at banquets ，he makes a point of going into the kitchen and to shake hands
A B C
with every waiter and waitress.
D
10. Other guests at yesterday’s opening，which was broadcast alive by the radio station，included
A B C D
the princess and her husband.
Part Ⅱ Translation（20 minutes，10 points ）
Directions：Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
在过去20年中，世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。日本用了20多年时间才将其外贸总额翻了一番，而中国却翻了两番。中国现在已是全球第三大电器生产国，并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。中国还是世界上劳动密集型（labor-intensive）产品的主要生产国。
Part Ⅲ Guided Writing（30 minutes ，15 points）
Directions：In this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad. Study the following chart carefully and base your composition on the information given in the chart.
1. State the changes in the number of Chinese traveling abroad in the past three years.
2. Give possible reasons for the changes.
2002年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题答案与解析
Paper One试卷一（90 minutes）
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension（略）
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary
Section A
16. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】我想借此机会向主办方表达我衷心的感谢。
【考点类型】动宾搭配
【考点剖析】increase“增加”；prolong“延长，拖延”；intensify“强化”；express“表达，表示”。express one’s heart-felt gratitude to sb.“向某人表示衷心的感谢”。extend“延伸，给予”。
17. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】现在，大部分中国农民依然过着简朴、节约的生活。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】miserable“痛苦的，悲惨的”；economical“节约的，经济的”；luxurious“奢侈的，豪华的”；sensible“明智的”。thrifty和simple是并列关系，含义应当相近，由此推断出thrifty表示“节约的”。
18. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】很多当地居民为躲避洪水离开了家园。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】overcome“战胜，克服”；enclose“装入，围绕”；encounter“遭遇”；avoid“避免，消除”。根据语境可以推断人们是为了躲避洪水的威胁才离开家园。
19. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】州议会将颁布新的规章，该规章旨在使管理模式与国际公认的惯例一致。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】conference“会议，讨论会”；conversation“会话，交谈”；practice“实践，练习，惯例”；formation“构成，编队”。根据句中的信息，new rules与internationally accepted conventions前后照应，可以推断convention表示“协定，惯例”。
20. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】受各国不断涌入的移民潮的影响，美国人的个性变得更加复杂。
【考点类型】修饰限定
【考点剖析】uninterrupted“连续的，未受干扰的，不间断的”；successful“成功的”；forceful“有力的，有说服力的”；overwhelming“压倒的，势不可当的”。四个选项中能修饰wave的有uninterrupted和overwhelming，但后者用来描述移民潮不太合适，正确选项为A。successive“继承的，连续的”。
21. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】毫无疑问，中国人民的生活在过去二十年里有了显著的改善。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】out of the question“不可能”；no doubt“无疑”；naturally“自然地”；obviously“明显地”。without question在句中用来强化肯定的语气，选项中no doubt表示相同的语气。without question“毫无疑问”。
22. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】院长现在无法见你。他正在讲演厅给一年级学生发表演说。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】complain to“向……诉苦，抱怨”；argue with“与……辩论”；speak to“向……发表演说”；consult with“协商，商量”。主语是dean，而宾语是the first-year students；所以complaining to，arguing with和consulting with与语境不相符，C是正确答案。
23. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】他没有做侵犯集体利益的事情。
【考点类型】动宾搭配
【考点剖析】run for“竞选”；run against“偶遇，违反”；run over“溢出，超过限度，匆匆看，辗过，扼要复述”；run into“撞上，陷入”。四个选项中，能与the interests of the collective搭配的只有run against。violate“违反，违犯，侵犯，侵害”。
24. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】由于使用了尖端技术，这台设备在好几个方面要优于同类产品。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】traditional“传统的”；intelligent“聪明的，伶俐的”；industrious“勤勉的，刻苦的”；advanced“先进的，尖端的”。句子前后存在因果关系，这台设备能有更大的优势很可能是源于制造设备的技术先进，D是正确选项。sophisticated“矫揉造作的，老练的，（技术等）先进的，深奥微妙的”。
25. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】自从他心脏病发作以来，他的状况在不断恶化。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】improve a little“略有改善”；remain the same“保持原样”；become worse“恶化”；change a lot“改变很大”。根据常理推断，心脏病发作一般会使病人状况恶化，C最切合句意。deteriorate“（使）恶化”。
26. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】大剂量地服用一些药品后会导致大脑永久性的损伤。
【考点类型】修饰限定
【考点剖析】lasting“持久的，永久的，永恒的”；serious“严肃的，严重的”；terrible“极坏的，骇人的”；temporary“临时的，暂时的”；permanent“永久的，持久的”。
27. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】根据昨天 《中国日报》 的财经新闻，1美元兑131日元。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】be compatible with“与……协调的，相容的”；compact“紧凑的，简洁的”；be equal to“与……相等”；be entitled to“有……资格，有权”。句中谈的是美元对日元的汇率问题，四个选项中A、B不能与to连用，D的主语一般是人，只有C从语法和语境上都合适。be comparable to“比得上的”。
28. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】那时的劳动仅限于奴隶和极少数无法维持生计的贫民。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】be attributed to“归功于……，归结于……”；be limited to“限于……”；be connected with“与……有联系”；be devoted to“致力于……”。C不能与to搭配，D必须用人作为主语，A与语境不符，B是正确答案。
29. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】我发现这有利于减少由于心胸狭窄产生的偏见的强度。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】lessen“减少，减轻”；reflect“反射，反映，反省”；remove“移动，开除，移交”；increase“增加”。profitable意思是“有益的，有用的”，所以这个方法应当是能减轻偏见的影响。diminish“减少，减低”。
30. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】当一个人知道如果他用可能致死的物体抢劫或伤害他人后将会进监狱，他会三思而后行。
【考点类型】修饰限定
【考点剖析】passive“被动的”；lifelong“终生的，毕生的”；unhappy“不幸的”；fatal“致命的，重大的，命中注定的”。句中的object指的是某种凶器，A、B、C显然都不能修饰它。
Section B
31. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】伟大的长江三峡工程预期需要二十年完工。
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】spend + 时间 + doing“在……上消磨（时间）”；consume“消费，消耗”；need“需要”；take“拿，获得，消耗（时间等）”。A首先被排除。consume一般不用时间作为宾语，而用实物，排除。如果用need，句子应该为 to need twenty years to be completed，所以只有D符合语义和语法上的要求。
32. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】他几十年的努力终于开始有了回报。他的发现使他家喻户晓。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】pay off“偿清（债务等），使得到回报”；die off“相继死去”；put off“拖延，搪塞，脱掉，劝阻”；break off“中断，折断，暂停，脱落，解除”。根据后一句可推测前一句应是说他的努力带来了回报，A切合句意。
33. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】长期吸烟的瘾君子，尤其是连续吸烟的人，肺癌的发生率特别高。
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】incident“事件；事变”；accident“事故”；incidence“影响（范围），发生（率）”；evidence“明显，迹象，证据”。能与句中的high搭配的应是肺癌发生的比率，所以incidence最符合句意。
34. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】没有哪一个市场像时髦商品那样不确定；一种时尚风格总是压倒另一种风格，然后又被取代。
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】dominate“支配，占优势”；manipulate“操纵，控制”；overwhelm“淹没，制服，压倒”；prevail over / against“占优势，占上风，胜过”。
35. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】布朗夫人坚信这些孩子深陷困境，她应该帮助他们。
【考点类型】动宾搭配
【考点剖析】conversion“变换，转化”；conviction“深信，确信，定罪”；conservation“保存，保持，守恒”；convention“会议，协定，习俗，惯例”。
36. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】为了纪念第一个使用X射线的人，X射线又被称为伦琴射线。
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】in case of“假设，万一”；in view of“考虑到，由于”；in place of“代替”；in honor of“向……表示敬意，为祝贺……”。我们之所以把X射线称为伦琴射线，目的是为了纪念他，四个选项中表示目的的介词短语只有in honor of。
37. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】电信业的发展使人们能够通过电视、广播和电子邮件传递信息。
【考点类型】介词搭配
【考点剖析】via“通过，经由”；amid“在……中”；past“越过，晚于”；across“越过，交叉，在……那边”。四个选项中，表示“通过或借助某种手段”的只有介词via。
38. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】技术促进了信息的分享、存储和传递，从而使更多的信息可以供更多的人们使用。
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】finish“完成，结束”；furnish“供应，装备，布置”；function“运行，行使职责”，只能作为不及物动词；facilitate“使便利，促进”。句子前后是因果关系；能使更多的人获得更多的信息，由此推断是因为技术推动了信息的分享、存储和传递。
39. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】哲学课刚开始有20个学生，但其中考试后有三个学生不再来上课了。
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】pick up“捡起，获得，恢复（精神等）”；turn out“驱逐，制造，结果原来是……”；drop out“离去，放弃”；keep up“维持，继续”。句子前后是转折关系，描述的是哲学课上人数的变化，but之后描述的应当是期中考试后上课人数少了三个，四个选项中包含减少意思的只有C。
40. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】在接下来的报告中，作者阐明了欧洲和美国反应的不同。
【考点类型】动宾搭配
【考点剖析】illustrate“举例说明，图解，阐明”；acquire“获得，学到”；demand“需要”；delete“删除”。主语为account，宾语为difference，从语法和语义上最合适的选项为A。
41. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】在顾客眼里，能亲密而客观地了解你在做什么很关键。
【考点类型】修饰限定
【考点剖析】objective“客观的”；subordinate“次要的，从属的”；optional“可选择的，随意的”；subsequent“后来的，并发的”。句中所填词是用来描述了解某种信息的一种状态，它与intimate是并列的，由此很容易就可排除B、C、D。
42. 【正确答案】D
【句子翻译】长时间暴露在有害污染物质中很可能会导致健康状况的恶化。
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】be in contact with“和……保持接触”；keep / in touch with“和……保持联系”；use“使用，用途”，常与of构成惯用搭配；exposure to“暴露于……，朝向”。
43. 【正确答案】C
【句子翻译】建筑上的差异会导致外国游客迷惑或不舒服。
【考点类型】动宾搭配
【考点剖析】vary“改变，变更”；describe“描述，形容”；cause“导致，引起”；impress“盖印，留下映像”，常与on连用。describe一般用人作主语，vary显然无法使语义连贯，C是正确答案。
44. 【正确答案】B
【句子翻译】游泳不仅能给人到来乐趣和锻炼，还是一种实用的技能。
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】rather than“与其，宁愿，不如”；apart from“除……之外”；instead of“代替，而不是……”；owing to“由于，因……的缘故”。句子前后是递进关系，选B。
45. 【正确答案】A
【句子翻译】即使打折，对于全世界4000万艾滋病患者而言，这些有效的艾滋病药物还是超出了他们的购买能力。
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】reach“到达，所能及的距离和限度”；control“控制，支配”；comprehen-
sion“理解”；imagination“想象”。虽然四个选项都可以和beyond连用，但只有reach符合句意；因为句中谈论的是艾滋病患者的购买能力问题。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
约翰·格雷斯汉姆1955年2月2日出生于美国阿肯色州的琼斯伯勒。他的父亲是一名建筑工人，带着他们全家辗转于美国南部各州，在哪里能够找到工作，他们全家就在哪里停留。最后，他们在密西西比定居了。1981年毕业于法学院后，约翰·格雷斯汉姆在南阿旺从事了近十年的法律工作，主要从事刑事辩护和个人伤害诉讼业务。1983年，他被选举为州参议院议员，一直任职到1990年。
一天，在德索图县法院，约翰·格雷斯汉姆听到了一个年仅12岁的强奸受害者的骇人听闻的证词。他决定写一本小说来探讨如果受害女孩的父亲杀死了强奸他女儿的罪犯将会发生什么。他开始每天早晨5点起床写他的小说，小说名叫《谋杀时刻》，这部小说于1988年出版。格雷斯汉姆随后出版的一部小说 《公司》 成为1991年最畅销的小说之一，连续47周位列 《纽约时报》 畅销书籍排行榜单之上。格雷斯汉姆与他的妻子和两个孩子住在一起，他们有时到他们在密西西比州的一个维多利亚风格的家里，这个房屋位于一个占地67英亩的农场里，有时他们又到弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔附近的一个占地约204英亩的种植园散心。
格雷斯汉姆不写作的时候，便把大部分时间投入慈善事业上，包括同他的教会团体参加传道旅行。他孩提时的梦想就是成为一名职业的棒球手，现在他是当地棒球小联盟的专员。他在自己的土地上建造了六个棒球场地，并接纳了26支小棒球联盟的孩子们在那里进行训练。
46. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节推断
【解析过程】约翰格雷斯汉姆目前是 。
A. 一名作家 B. 一名律师
C. 一名专业的棒球运动员 D. 一名参议员
线索：文章的第2段提到约翰·格雷斯汉姆放弃了律师工作，投身到写作的工作中，表明选项A是正确答案。选项B和D的内容都是他以前想要做的工作，在文章的第1段明确提到了。选项C和原文的最后一段的内容不符合“As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player”表明他梦想成为一名棒球运动员。
【考点提示】建议大家读题干的时候一定要注意一些关键的细节，比如时间、地点。
47. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】什么因素激发约翰·格雷斯汉姆写他的第一部小说？
A. 一个谋杀案件。 B. 一起强奸案件。
C. 他父亲的亲身体验。 D. 他在农场的生活。
线索：文章的第2段提到“Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项D是原文的内容，但和本题干没有任何的关系。
【考点提示】阅读文章的时候一定要注意文章中出现的一些专有词汇，比如说人名、地点名称、机构名称等，对这些词要做好标记，这样容易回头查找相关的线索。
48. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】《谋杀时刻》 这部小说关注的是 。
A. 女孩是如何被攻击的 B. 强奸发生的整个情景
C. 女孩父亲是如何复仇的 D. 强奸案件是如何解决的
线索：文章的第2段提到“He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers.”表明选项C是正确答案。其他几个选项是干扰项。
【考点提示】和原文的信息进行对比，在四个选项中选择一个最贴近原文的内容，该选项就是正确答案。
49. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据 《公司》 这部小说，下面哪句话是错误的？
A. 出版的时候非常受欢迎。 B. 给约翰·格雷斯汉姆带来很多名誉。
C. 给约翰·格雷斯汉姆带来很大的财富。 D. 被 《纽约时代》 连续转载。
线索：文章的第2段提到“The Firm，was one of the biggest hits of 1991，spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list.”表明选项D是正确答案。选项B和C在原文的第2段是直接或间接提到。选项A在文中没有提到。
【考点提示】选项的判断有的时候并不非常明确，尤其是在考试非常紧张的时候，所以同学们在考试期间最好能够快速抓住选项的关键词，这一点非常关键。
50. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节推断
【解析过程】从本文可以推出约翰·格雷斯汉姆在他自己的家里建造场地为了 。
A. 达到他成为一名职业棒球运动员的目标 B. 教孩子们学习棒球
C. 实现他儿童时的梦想 D. 为棒球训练提供设施
线索：文章的第3段提到“As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player，and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26 Little League teams.”表明选项C是正确答案。其他几个选项在原文中没有提到。
【考点提示】推断题的做题原则就是，不推比推好，推得少比推得多好，能不推就不要推。
Passage Two
素质教育是最根本的解放。它可以使人们摆脱贫困，赋予他们力量来极大地改善他们的生活，从事社会生产工作。素质教育还可以解放社会和国家，使它们向前跨入富裕和社会统一的时期，除此之外则不可能达到这种效果。
基于此原因，国际社会承诺：到2015年时，要使全世界所有儿童都能完成小学教育，这个承诺就是所谓的“全民教育”。
到2015年时，“全民教育”能够实现吗？回答肯定是“能”，尽管这是一个非常艰巨的任务。如果我们晓得衡量这个目标的依据是儿童顺利完成最少五年的小学学业，而不只是班级的报名人数——这是我们过去衡量教育的标准，那么，这个挑战就会变得更加困难。目前只有32个国家被认为即使根据报名人数也有可能实现不了“全民教育”的目标。如果把完成学业率作为衡量标准的话，那么这个数字就会上升为88个。
尽管如此，只要采取正确的政策，得到国际社会的支持，这个目标的实现仍然是可行的。到2015年，88个不太可能完成该目标的国家中的59个可以实现普及小学教育的目标，如果他们使其教育体系的效率和质量达到教育水平更高的体系所遵守的标准。这些国家也需要极大的外部筹资和技术支援。如果没有空前的发展，29个远远落后的国家将无法达到该目标。但是，如果有创造性的解决方案，包括使用信息技术，灵活的、目的明确的国际援助以及更少的人生活在贫困中，实现该目标也是可行的。
促使发展更有效的一个重要经验就是：国家的政策、制度和管理很大程度地决定了利用外援的能力。在一个国家表现好的领域，外援就可能非常有效。
51. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据文章第1段，作者指出素质教育能够 。
A. 使国家摆脱国外规定的控制 B. 加速社会的发展
C. 赋予人们自由 D. 使人民摆脱任何剥削
线索：文章的第1段提到“...allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项A，C和D不正确的原因都是一样，选项的内容和文章表达的内容不符合。文章第1段提到了“ultimate liberator”但并不表示它和自由有任何关系。所以，同学们要准确把握每一个关键单词的含义。
【考点提示】文章的首段往往会提到一些非常关键的单词，尤其是抽象名词，这些单词的含义并不是很明确，有的还很有迷惑性，建议同学们一定要把抽象名词具体化表达。
52. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】主旨目的推断
【解析过程】到2015年理想状态下全民教育项目的目标是 。
A. 帮助所有孩子们能完成小学教育
B. 招收所有孩子到小学上学
C. 将素质教育赋予88个国家的人民
D. 支持那些致力于改变他们教育体系的国家
线索：文章的第2段提到“For this reason，the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a commitment known as Education for All.”表明选项A是正确答案。选项B是以前教育目的的衡量标准，在原文的第3段提到“instead of just enrolling for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education”。选项C的错误是偷换概念，全世界的孩子不等于88个国家。
【考点提示】题干中有些关键词是“不用关注”，比如该选项ideally，或者表示probably大概含义的单词，因为选项中是不存在大概、或许的概念。
53. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】数字计算
【解析过程】根据完成的比率，有多少国家处于不能完成教育的危险之中 。
A. 32 B. 59 C. 29 D. 88
线索：文章的第3段提到“The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.”表明选项D是正确答案。选项A是比较具有迷惑性的答案。32个国家是按照以前的标准计算，而不是按照新的标准。所以建议同学们一定要特别关注题干的关键词。
【考点提示】概念之间的混淆性比较容易使同学们丢分，所以大家在阅读文章的时候，如果碰到了两个概念，就一定要注意概念之间的差别。
54. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据本题，下面哪句话作为正确政策是没有提到的？
A. 提高教育体系的效率 B. 提高教育的质量
C. 使用信息科技 D. 建造更多的小学
线索：文章的第4段提到“if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.”表明选项A，B，C在原文中都提到了，但唯独选项D是文章没有提到的。
【考点提示】对于该题型“三对一错”最好的解决办法是根据题号，返回原文寻找相关线索，然后和四个选项进行对比，看哪个选项是文章中没有明确提到。
55. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】从最后一段我们可以看到国外的帮助 。
A. 也许不是非常的有效
B. 仅仅当一些标准满足之后才会提供
C. 本身使发展成为可能
D. 对于那些远远落后的国家是最有效的
线索：文章的第1段提到“A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，institutions and management.”表明选项A是正确答案，是否有效由很多因素决定。选项C和D的内容都包括了一个比较绝对化的单词“alone”和“most”，所以该选项不正确。
【考点提示】关注错误选项的特点，比如表示绝对化含义的单词，一般都是不正确的选项。
Passage Three
大多数人认为狮子绝对是非洲猛兽，但这仅仅因为其他地方的狮子几乎都被杀光了。一万年以前，狮子广泛分布于全世界每一个地方。现在，狮子占据着和以前它们居住的地盘相比很小的一部分，亚洲狮是十万年以前从非洲狮中分离出来的一个品种，坚守在一块不可能再小的土地上。
印度以成为大约300只这样的狮子的管理地为荣，这些狮子主要生活在一块约560平方英里的保护区里。我花了一年半的时间得到去探索整个格森林的许可，根本没有时间去研究为什么这些狮子成为高贵和伟大的象征。老虎可能会隐藏在森林深处让人看不到，但狮子坚守着它的领地，好奇、无惧、威武勇猛。尽管当我太亲近它们的时候，它们就会以一种微妙的方式告诉我，但是，在我待在森林的三个月里，它们允许我瞥了一眼它们的生活。认为它们正处于种族灭绝的危险中的想法是奇怪的；格森林有多少狮子，它就能容纳多少狮子——事实上，有太多的狮子。由于生存领地紧缺，狮子便经常出没在森林边缘地区，甚至集体离开森林，经常与人类发生冲突。这就是为什么印度打算创建第二个保护区。还有一些其他紧迫的原因：疾病的爆发以及自然灾害。1994年，一场疾病导致了超过1/3的非洲赛温葛蒂狮子的死亡——1000只，这种命运极可能发生在格森林的猫科动物身上。这些狮子尤其容易患病，因为它们是少有的十来只狮子遗传下来的个体。“如果给狮子做个DNA测试，你就会发现，亚洲狮看起来就像双胞胎”。史蒂芬奥布瑞恩说，他是一名研究狮子的基因学家。不过，危险是隐藏的，你不可能通过观察它们在森林中的统治地位而猜测它们。狮子展示了活力，也展示了非常的魅力。
尽管玩耍中所表现出的温顺的亲近行为在进食时消失了，但是，格森林中的进食肯定不是疯狂的行为。对于一只母狮子和她的孩子分享一只鹿，或是与一只年轻的雄狮分享一只羚羊，它们没有必要为了分食猎物而争斗。格森林中狮子当做食物而捕食的动物一般比非洲狮子捕食的动物小，狩猎的群体也更小。
56. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】在文章第1段，作者告诉我们亚洲狮子 。
A. 已经杀死了其他的狮子 B. 来自于非洲狮子
C. 过去横跨了大半个地球 D. 已经丢掉了他们的栖息地
线索：文章的第1段提到“a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100000 years ago”，表明选项B是正确答案。选项C和原文的内容“Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe”不符合，原文说的是狮子不是亚洲狮子。选项D和原文第1段的内容不符合“Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat”，狮子仍然掌握着它们的栖息地。
【考点提示】混淆选项C非常具有迷惑性。原文说的是“狮子”，而选项说的是“亚洲狮子”，如果同学们稍微粗心，就有可能选错。
57. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】当作者去看格森林的时候给他印象最深的是 ？
A. 它们的友谊 B. 它们的数量
C. 它们的亲密 D. 它们的活力
线索：文章的第2段提到“It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction；Gir has as many lions as it can hold-too many，in fact. With territory in short supply，lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether，”表明选项B是正确答案。其他选项原文没有提到。
【考点提示】阅读文章的时候，一定要特别关注表示绝对化含义的单词或短语，“as many lions as it can hold-too many ”这类含义非常有可能是考点。
58. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】句子理解
【解析过程】“格森林中的进食肯定不是疯狂的行为”，该句的含义是 。
A. 狮子之间不再展示任何的亲密 B. 狮子不需要为食物而战斗
C. 食物在格森林中不是准备好的 D. 只有通过很大的努力才能吃到饭
线索：文章的第3段提到“Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’s time to eat，meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer，or a young male eating an antelope（羚羊），there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill.”表明选项B是正确答案。
【考点提示】选项之间的逻辑关系是解析的关键之一，比如该题的B和D选项是一对截然相反的选项，那么同学们在做题的时候就应该特别把重点放到选项B和D上进行判断。
59. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】因果关系细节
【解析过程】在格森林中的狮子特别容易受到疾病的威胁因为 。
A. 它们都是来自于十几个祖先 B. 它们要比非洲狮子小一些
C. 它们没有足够吃的 D. 它们身体上要比非洲狮子虚弱得多
线索：文章的第2段提到“These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals.”直接和选项A对照，表明选项A是正确答案。其他几个选项原文没有提到。
【考点提示】因果关系题解析的关键是寻找表示原因的线索词，如because，for，since，result，cause等。
60. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】因果关系细节
【解析过程】印度为亚洲狮子创造第二个避难所的原因是 。
A. 目前的避难所不够大
B. 科学家想要对亚洲狮子做更多的研究
C. 他们已经杀死了许多的人
D. 森林正在减少
线索：文章的第2段提到“With territory in short supply，lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether，often clashing with people. That’s one reason India is creating a second sanctuary.”关键词是reason，表明选项A是正确答案。其他选项为干扰项。
Passage Four
从医学院退休以后，我和妻子把家建在了希尔顿海德岛上的一个周围都是游艇俱乐部和高尔夫球场的封闭社区内。但是，当我离开那里到岛的另一端时，我走在半修砌的路上，两边是破烂的村舍，岛上许多土著居民的“生活方式”与我舒适的生活形成了鲜明的对比。
通过与当地居民谈话，我发现，这里的绝大多数女佣、园丁、女服务员以及建筑工人等很少或根本享受不到医疗护理，而正是他们使该岛正常运行。我感到非常愤慨。我想知道为什么没有人为此做些什么。于是，我父亲的话又出现在我脑中——我们小时候父亲每天都会这样问我们：“今天你为别人做了什么?”
尽管我父亲在几年前就去世了，但是，我想我仍然不想令他失望。所以，我开始致力于寻求一个解决方案。岛上有很多退休的医生，如果我可以说服他们每星期花费几小时自愿提供服务，我们就为那些急需的人们提供免费的基本医疗护理。大多数我所接触的医生都赞同这个主意，只要他们能够不费力地重新获得执照。我用了一年的时间以及不懈的努力，但是，我终于说服了这个州的立法人员为那些在非营利诊所里自愿提供服务的医生颁发了特殊的执照。
镇里捐献了场地，当地居民捐赠了办公室及医疗设备，一些人自愿空出他们周末的时间装修即将成为诊所的房子。我们把它叫做“医疗志愿者”，并于1994年开业，所有人员都是退休的医生、护士和牙医以及近150名非职业志愿者。那年有5000名病人来我们的诊所；去年我们接收了16000名。
不知为什么，我们所做的这些事情传开了。不久，我们接到了来自全国各地退休医生打来的电话，要求我们帮助在他们社区也开办VIM诊所。我们尽最大的努力，现在有15个诊所正在营业中，但我们仍然赶不上需要。不过，上个月，我想我父亲的话在北方发挥了作用，在迈克内尔消费者保健中心泰诺的制造商那里起了作用。迈克内尔的一笔数额较大的赠款将使我们能够回应这些需求，帮助在全国范围的各社区建立其他的免费诊所。
61. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】主旨判断
【解析过程】文章主要是关于 。
A. 岛上穷人和富人的对比 B. 喜欢提出建议的一个人的故事
C. 一个伟大父亲的工作和生活 D. 一个伟大父亲的激励
综观全文是说作者在父亲的鼓励下，实现了他父亲也是他本人的愿望。表明选项D是正确答案。其他几个选项都不符合文章主题的含义。
【考点提示】主旨题就是把文章中最关键的核心词和作者的态度放到一起，该选项就是正确答案。
62. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】文章的作者是 。
A. 一名退休的医生 B. 一名退休的老师
C. 一名退休的医学研究人员 D. 一名退休的建筑工人
线索：文章的第1段提到“After retirement from medical，my wife and I built our home in a gated community”表明选项C是正确答案。
【考点提示】根据题干的线索范围原文寻找答案。
63. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】医疗志愿者的目的是 。
A. 帮助医疗工人提高他们的收入
B. 提供免费的医疗服务给那些需要他们的人
C. 督促政府建立非营利的医疗诊所
D. 使作者父亲的梦想成真
线索：文章的第1段提到“If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services，we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项D比较具有迷惑性，该选项不正确的原因是本文主要讨论的是作者帮助别人的愿望和实现该愿望做出的努力。不可能是作者实现他父亲的梦想。
【考点提示】根据文章的中心，做题的时候时时刻刻都要想着该文章的中心是什么，这样可以避免做错选项。因为正确选项都是应该和文章中心相吻合。
64. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】下面哪件事情是作者本人完成的？
A. 购买医疗设备 B. 发现用地和办公地点
C. 装修会成为诊所的大楼 D. 给退休医生颁发特殊的许可证
线索：文章的第3段提到“...but I was able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.”表明选项D是正确答案。A、B、C选项不是作者亲自做的。
【考点提示】明确作者做的事情和观点，区分和别人做的事情。
65. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】句子含义推断
【解析过程】最后一段“我想我父亲的话语在北方起了作用”暗含的意思是 。
A. 我父亲的话最终到达了迈克内尔
B. 迈克内尔决定为那些贫困的人做一些事情
C. 我父亲决定帮助我们开办更多的北部医疗诊所
D. 迈克内尔社区非常的需要医疗健康保障
线索：文章的第1段提到“I think my father’s words found their way up north，to McNeil Consumer Healthcare，the maker of Tylenol（泰诺：一种感冒药）. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.”表明选项B是正确答案。
【考点提示】混淆选项C错误的原因是一个比较典型的特点，整个选项的内容都基本符合文章，但唯独其中有一个单词“my father”不正确，所以该选项不能选。
Passage Five
在历史学家约瑟夫·埃利斯成为畅销书作家之前，他因生动的演讲而闻名。他在马塞诸塞州Mount Holyoke讲课非常受欢迎，通过描述他自己在越南战争中的战斗经历，经常使得课堂上的讨论非常活跃。但是，随着埃利斯的名声的扩大，他关于 《开国者》 的书同时获得了享有盛誉的国家书籍奖和普利茨奖，历史教授开始向地方和全国的记者报告他的有关于战争的记忆。去年，《波士顿环球报》 报道了埃利斯在越南战斗中的经历后，一些知道埃利斯真实情况的人揭发了他。上星期，《波士顿环球报》 透露，埃利斯因解释国家历史而闻名，将必须解释一些关于他自己的过去的事。
“即使在生命最好的时期，人们也会犯错误。”可怜的埃利斯说。已经证实：当著名的历史学家在军队服兵役时，他的战争年代并不是在东南亚的丛林中度过的，而是在西点军校教授历史。他还夸大了他在反战运动中的角色，甚至是他在中学时代的运动记录也被夸大了。他的坦白使他的同事、同伴以及学生感到震惊。他们想知道为什么一个如此有成就的人还要美化他的过去。但是，看上去成功与真相似乎并不总是紧密相连的。安全专家说，即使是在杰出的成功者中，也有1/10的人在欺骗，沉溺于空洞的吹嘘和更严重的犯罪等，比如剽窃、虚构军事记录、制作假学术证书或更糟的行为。“克罗尔会员”的欧内斯特博德说，奇怪的是那些美化过去的人一旦成名后就经常这样做，“克罗尔会员”进行了数千次这样的背景报告。博德说，“他们不像是在利用谎言去爬上阶梯。”
那么，是什么让他们这样做呢？心理学家说，一些人成功了，至少一部分成功了，因为他们只是迎合了其他人的期望。不管怎样出名，他们都会因感到不足而受到困扰。“从外界来看，这些人没什么，只是有些脆弱。”丹尼斯撒尔曼说，他是一名纽约的心理分析学家。“但是，从内心来说，他们感到空洞、空虚。”
66. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】关于埃利斯下面哪句话是对的？
A. 他是西点军校一名著名的教授
B. 他写的关于越南战争的书获得了两个重要的奖项
C. 他已经告诉他的学生和记者关于他越南战争的经历
D. 他成为了 《波士顿环球报》 的一名畅销作者
线索：文章的第1段提到“he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam.”和“the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war.”表明选项C是正确答案。选项B和原文的内容“his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize”不符合，属于偷换概念。
【考点提示】同学们在做题的时候一定要谨防偷换概念的错误，这种选项特别具有迷惑性。
67. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】埃利斯在军队服役的期间，他 。
A. 在越南作战 B. 在军事学校教书
C. 夸大他作为历史学家的作用 D. 在反战的运动中犯了错误
线索：文章的第2段提到“he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point（西点军校）.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项C原文中没有提到。选项A和原文的内容相反。选项D和原文的内容不符合“He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement”。
【考点提示】根据题干的线索词返回原文寻找答案，对比四个选项判断正确答案。
68. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】埃利斯撒谎说了什么？
A. 他在越南战争的经历。 B. 他在高校的运动员记录。
C. 他在反战运动中的角色。 D. 上面所有的选项。
线索：文章的第1段提到“he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point（西点军校）. He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records.”表明选项D是正确答案。
【考点提示】根据题号的顺序返回原文相应的段落，寻找线索词判断答案。
69. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】句子理解
【解析过程】文章第2段“爬梯子”的含义是 。
A. 变得更加成功 B. 对某个人的背景询问
C. 遮盖某个人的严重犯罪 D. 进一步美化某人的过去
线索：文章的第2段提到“And，oddly，prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous，says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates，which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod：‘It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.’”表明选项A是正确答案。
【考点提示】根据常识，选项A的可能性比较大。把该选项的内容放到原文中，如果能顺利的读通，就证明该选项是正确答案。
70. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据心理学家的说法，通过撒谎取得成功的人 。
A. 吹嘘他们的缺点 B. 感觉他们自己很脆弱
C. 根本不考虑别人 D. 看起来非常虚弱
线索：文章的第3段提到“And no matter how well-known，those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings.‘From outside，these people look anything but fragile，’”表明选项B是正确答案。
【考点提示】关键理解原文中“nothing but fragile”的理解，表示这些人都非常脆弱。
Part Ⅳ Cloze
拥有9.5亿人的印度成为仅次于中国的人口最多的国家。但是自从中国1971年 71 计划生育以来，印度一直在缩小这一 72 。印度人的出生率已经下降了，但没有像中国人下降的 73 。如果目前的增长率保持下去，印度的人口将在2028年 74 中国并
75 大约17亿。
如果这种情况发生，它也不是卡罗拉开明女性的 76 ；卡罗拉是印度南部的一个省。 77 整个印度一年增加约2000万人，卡罗拉地区的人口实际上是 78 。原因并不神秘： 79 全国大约40%的比例，接近2/3的卡罗拉妇女进行节育。
区别 80 卡罗拉地方当局重视健康计划， 81 计划生育 82 。1957年印度第一个民选共产党 83 的。卡罗拉部分地区的教育传统和母系习俗有助于女孩和男孩 84 得到良好的教育。1/3的印度妇女 85 ，而90%的卡罗拉妇女能够读写。
更高的能读写比例 86 计划生育。“和我们的父母不同，我们知道，如果生的孩子
87 ，能为孩子做的就越多。”居住在库丹玛洛33岁的莱拉·凯瑞恩说。她控制自己
88 三个子女——比全国 89 四个子女少一个。这种克制可以使卡罗拉不给世界的粮食供给增加额外的 90 。
71. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】动宾搭配
【考点剖析】discover“发现，发觉”；circulate“（使）流通，（使）循环，（使）传播”；launch“使（船）下水，掷（标枪等），发射（导弹、火箭等），发动，发起”；transmit“传输，传导，发射，遗传”。launch a family planning program“发起计划生育”。
72. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】gap“裂缝，差距，隔阂”；top“顶部，顶端”；bit“小块，少量”；bet“赌，打赌”。既然中国实施了计划生育，印度的人口又在增加，所以中印在人口数量上的差距在逐渐缩小。
73. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】修饰限定
【考点剖析】as many as“和……一样多”；as well as“也，又”；as soon as“一……就”；as much as“差不多”。这一句是说印度的出生率也在下降，但下降的程度没有中国那么大；四个选项中表示程度差不多的短语是as much as。
74. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】shake“摇动，震动，颤抖”；pass“通过，传递，超过”；rocket“飞速上升”，只能作为不及物动词；impress“盖印，留下印象”。文章第二句指出中印人口数量的差距正在缩小，第三句进一步指出印度的出生率高于中国；由此可以推测，照此情况下去，印度人口迟早会超过中国，pass符合句意。
75. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】四个选项中只有at能表示“（程度、比例、价格高低、距离等）以、用、有”的含义。
76. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】force“力量，武力，精力，魄力，势力”；fight“打架，战斗，斗志”；false“错误的，假的，虚伪的”，只能作形容词；fault“过错，缺点，故障”。根据上下文可知卡罗拉地区很特殊，妇女主动进行计划生育，所以印度人口数量的增加卡罗拉地区的妇女没有责任。
77. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】连接词（从句）
【考点剖析】while“当……时候，虽然”；since“自……以来，因为，既然”；because“因为”；suppose“假使”。这一句的前后是转折关系。
78. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】reliable“可靠的”；stable“稳定的”；countable“可计算的”；flexible“灵活的，柔韧性强的，可通融的”。这一句的前半段描述了整个印度的人口数量在增加，与之相对照，卡罗拉地区的人口数量则保持稳定。四个选项中只有stable能用来描述人口数量的状况。
79. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】逻辑衔接
【考点剖析】benefit from“受益于”；be involved in“卷入，陷入”；compare with“与……比较”；result from“由……产生”，一般不用被动语态。这一句是把卡罗拉地区和全国进行节育的妇女的比例作了一个比较，compared with符合语义。
80. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】lie in“（原因、本质等）在于，存在于”；show off“炫耀，卖弄”；result in“导致”；depart from“离开，从……出发”。这一句用来说明导致卡罗拉地区和全国在人口数量增长上迥异的原因，而不是结果，所以排除C。B和D一般用人作主语。
81. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】revive“苏醒，复活，复兴”；include“包含，包括”；practice“实践，练习”；contain“包含，容纳”。including + 对象表示整体中包含的个体。
82. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】定语从句
【考点剖析】四个选项中只有which能引导非限定性定语从句。
83. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】group“团，群，批”；alliance“联盟，联合”；government“政府”；bureau“（美）局，署”。所选词与the state authorities相对应，所以government是正确选项。
84. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】修饰限定
【考点剖析】equally“平等地”；officially“职务上，正式”；sharply“锐利地，急剧地”；proudly“骄傲地”。这一句是说在卡罗拉地区，男孩和女孩都能接受一样好的教育；所选词是用来修饰教育好坏的状况的，显然只有equally符合要求。
85. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】cultural“文化的”；literate“有文化的，有阅读能力和写作能力的”；native“本地的，与生俱来的”；responsible“负责的，可依赖的”。句子前后是对称关系，所选词与“read and write”的含义要相近，所以literate是正确选项。
86. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】语义衔接
【考点剖析】foster“抚育，鼓励，促进”；hamper“妨碍，牵制”；reform“改革，革新”；advocate“提倡，鼓吹”。根据常识可推断，文化水平高的人群更容易接受计划生育；根据下文也可以得出类似的结论。
87. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】语义场共现
【考点剖析】孩子越少，父母能为每个孩子做得就越多；所选词与句中的more是反义的，又因为child是一个可数名词，排除less选择fewer。
88. 【正确答案】D
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】limit to“限于”。
89. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】statistics“统计学，统计表”；average“平均水平”；tendency“趋向，倾向”；category“种类，范畴”。average of + 数词表示“平均是多少”。
90. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】increase“增加，增长”，常与by连用；challenge“挑战”，常与to连用；pressure“压力，压迫”；complaint“诉苦，抱怨”，常与against连用。put pressure on“给……施加压力”。
Paper Two试卷二（60 minutes）
Part Ⅰ Error Detection and Correction（10 minutes，10 points）
1. 【正确答案】A，改为“made it possible”。
【句子翻译】新技术使医生不用亲自见到病人就可以做出诊断这一点成为可能。
【考点类型】句子结构
【考点剖析】我们用it代表其后所说的事实上的主语（受词）。比如：It is right to do so.“这样做是对的。”It is no use trying.“试也无用。”It is certain that we shall succeed.“我们是一定会成功的。”I don’t think it worthwhile taking such trouble.“我想不值得费这么大的事了。”
【考点扩展】此外，it还有一种类似的用法是作先行代词，用于表示强调的句型中。比如：It is the factory that we have been wanting to visit.“这就是我们一直想访问的工厂。”It was here that I first met him.“这就是我初次与他见面的地方。”
2. 【正确答案】B，改为“have been given”。
【句子翻译】顾客被要求离开商店前确认所找的零钱是正确的，因为出现的错误将得不到赔偿。
【考点类型】被动语态
【考点剖析】从句中的主语they与give change是被动关系。
【考点扩展】被动语态的用法
语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。被动语态常由助动词be和动词的过去分词构成。当我们不知道动作的执行者、侧重强调动作的承受者和出于行文及表达习惯的需要等场合时，常用被动语态。比如：Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。I was born in 1960. 我出生于1960年。The film was directed by Xie Jin. 这部影片是谢晋导演的。He is said to be a good teacher. 据说他是一个好老师。
3. 【正确答案】C，改为“the larger”。
【句子翻译】这个研究项目由两个基金资助，其中较大的一个可以持续两年。
【考点类型】比较级
【考点剖析】当两者进行比较时，一般用比较级；三者或三者以上进行比较时才用最高级。
【考点扩展】比较级的一些特殊用法
（1） 比较级前可以用much，far，a little，a bit，slightly，a lot等表示不定度量。比如：The buildings look far uglier in London than here. 伦敦的建筑比这里难看多了。
（2） 比较级与even，still，yet等连用表示“更加”。比如：We are working still harder now. 现在我们工作更加努力。
（3） 比较级前可用“数词 + 名词”表示确定的度量。比如：He is two inches taller than his father.他比他的爸爸高两英寸。
（4） 比较级 + and + 比较级或more and more + 原级结构表示“越来越……”。比如：Things are getting better and better every day. 情况一天天好起来。
（5） 比较级用于否定结构表示“再……不过”。比如：Nothing better！再好不过！
4. 【正确答案】A，改为“that”。
【句子翻译】一位好老师有一些好演员的天赋，但这并不意味着他们能在舞台上表演得很好。
【考点类型】同位语从句
【考点剖析】同位语从句一般用that引导。
【考点扩展】许多抽象名词之后可以使用that引导的从句作为它们的同位语。较常用的抽象名词有：allegation，announcement，belief，discovery，fact，fear，guarantee，hope，knowledge，promise，proposal，report，rumor，sugges-tion，suspicion。proposal和suggestion后面要求使用that...should结构。比如：The proposal that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议引起了激烈的争论。
5. 【正确答案】A，改为“little evidence”。
【句子翻译】只有很少的证据表明，同样是在语言室里孩子会比大人学外语学得好。
【考点类型】不可数名词的修饰词
【考点剖析】evidence是不可数名词，一般不能用 a few 或 many等修饰。
【考点扩展】不可数名词包括各种物质的统称（比如bread）、抽象名词（比如courage）等。这些词的前面往往加some，any，no，a little等，或加a bit / piece / slice等 + of。比如any evidence，a bit of news等。
6. 【正确答案】C，改为“（to）enjoy”（to可省略）。
【句子翻译】虽然健康不能保证你长寿，但它能帮助你享受有生之年。
【考点类型】惯用搭配
【考点剖析】help sb.（to）do sth...“帮助某人做某事”。比如：The neighbors helped us（to）remove the piano.“邻居帮我们搬钢琴。”还有一个类似的搭配help sb. with sth。比如：Can you help me with my homework？“你能辅导我做家庭作业吗？”
7. 【正确答案】C，改为“are confused”。
【句子翻译】学校发展在线课程力图达到利润和声誉的平衡，然而教育者搞不清他们在这个数字世界里所扮演的角色。
【考点类型】同源词辨析
【考点剖析】confused “迷惑的，糊涂的”。比如：The little girl was very confused by all the noise and activity.“那小女孩被一片吵闹和忙乱给弄糊涂了。”confusing“令人迷惑的，使人感到混乱的”。比如：The instructions were very confusing and I couldn’t understand them.“这些说明莫名其妙，我没办法理解”。
8. 【正确答案】D，改为“would have put”。
【句子翻译】他考试作弊被抓了，这让他垂头丧气。
【考点类型】虚拟语气
【考点剖析】if从句中的动词用过去完成时，主句中的动词要用条件完成时。
【考点扩展】非真实条件句
非真实条件句的假设是不可能发生或实现的，句中的条件句与结果主句都要用虚拟语气。现将用于非真实条件句中的虚拟时态列表如下：
比如：If we left now，we should arrive in time. 如果现在就走的话，我们可以及时到达。If hadn’t been told，I wouldn’t have known what these were for. 假如别人不告诉我，我就不会知道这些东西是干什么的。If you lived there for a while，you would change your mind about that place. 假如你在那里待一段时间，你就会改变对那个地方的看法。
9. 【正确答案】C，改为“shaking”。
【句子翻译】当他在宴会上讲话时，总是注重去厨房同每个侍者握手。
【考点类型】平行结构
【考点剖析】shake和go是并列的，都应采取动名词的形式。
【考点扩展】连接平行结构的常用连词有and，but，or，not only...but also...，either... or...，neither... nor...，both...and...，as...as...等。
10. 【正确答案】C，改为“live”。
【句子翻译】出席昨天开幕式的其他宾客包括公主和她的丈夫，电视台现场直播了这场开幕式。
【考点类型】同源词辨析
【考点剖析】live作为形容词可以表示“实况转播的”。比如：It was a live broadcast，not a recording. 那是实况转播，不是录音。alive“活着的，活泼的”，多作为表语。比如：Although he’s old，he’s still very much alive. 他虽然年事已高，但仍然充满活力。
Part Ⅱ Translation
1. 在过去20年中，世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。
【结构分析】这是一个比较句，时间是过去20年中，关于外贸发展速度的问题，中国是最快的。翻译时可以使用比较连词as...as...
【词义推敲】外贸 foreign trade
【参考译文】In the past 20 years，no country has developed its foreign trade as quickly as that of China.
2. 日本用了20多年时间才将其外贸总额翻了一番，而中国却翻了两番。
【结构分析】这也是一个比较句。把日本的外贸总额与中国的做比较，其中涉及倍数的翻译，是值得注意的，如翻一番、翻两番等。
【词义推敲】翻一番 double；翻两番 quadruple
【参考译文】Japan has spent 20 years only to double its foreign trade，but China quadru-pled.
3. 中国现在已是全球第三大电器生产国，并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。
【结构分析】这是个并列句，表达两层意思：第一层是中国已是什么，第二层是中国已成为主角。所以翻译时主语都是中国，有两个谓语。
【词义推敲】电器 electric appliances；主角 a leading role，protagonist
【参考译文】China has already become the world’s third largest producer of electric appliances and is evolving into a leading role in the global electric appliance market.
4. 中国还是世界上劳动密集型（labor-intensive）产品的主要生产国。
【结构分析】这是一个简单的陈述句，直译就可以了。
【词义推敲】劳动密集型 labor-intensive；主要 major
【参考译文】China is also a major producer of labor-intensive products.
Part Ⅲ Guided Writing（30 minutes，15 points）
参考范文：
The increase in the Number of Chinese traveling Abroad
As can be clearly observed from the chart above，the trend of Chinese traveling abroad is mounting these years. In the past three years，the number of Chinese traveling abroad has been on a steady rise. According to the chart，the number increased from 7.5 million in 1999 to 10 million in 2000 and to 12.1 million in 2001.
I think there are at least three reasons for the above mentioned changes. First and foremost，the changes are primarily due to the better income of the Chinese. They are better off and can afford a trip abroad. What’s more，they have a lot to do with the development of the travel industry in China. More and more travel agencies are attracting more people to join in their tours abroad. Finally，the changes are closely related to our policy of opening up to the outside world.
From what has been discussed，it is obvious that the increase in the number of Chinese traveling abroad is of great concern of our life. It reflects the improvement of our living standards and development of our economy.
