2008年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试
英语试题（A4）
Section I Vocabulary （10 points ）
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1
1. Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages ______ television, radio and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.
A. via B. amid C. past D. across
2. Women’s central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been ______.
A. acknowledged B. emphasized C. memorized D. associated
3. Technology has ______ the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
A. formulated B. furnished C. functioned D. facilitated
4. The new government ______ the foreign-owned oil fields one after another.
A. took over B. took out C. took off D. took on
5. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed ______ and means of packing.
A. specimens B. inspections C. paraphrases D. specifications
6. His effort of decades began to ______. He came to be well-known for his findings.
A. pay off B. die off C. put off D. break off
7. The ______ of lung cancer is particularly high among long-term heavy smokers, especially chain smokers.
A. incident B. accident C. incidence D. evidence
8. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style ______ over another before being replaced.
A. dominates B. manipulates C. overwhelms D. prevails
9. Mrs. Brown couldn't shake the ______ that these kids were in deep trouble and it was up to her to help them.
A. conversion B. conviction C. conservation D. convention
10. The philosophy class began with twenty students but ______three after the mid-term exam.
A. picked up B. turned out C. dropped out D. kept up
11. The following account by the author ______ the difference between European and American reactions.
A. illustrates B. acquires C. demands D. deletes
12. ______ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
A. Rather than B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Owing to
13. Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet ___________.
A. entrance B. admission C. access D. entry
14. The national government is to make every effort to _________ the will of the people.
A. execute B. exceed C. excite D. exhaust
15. Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I __________ has answered those questions with patience and honesty.
A. come across B. come by C. come over D. come into
16. Now when talking about economic reform I am very ____________ aware of the shadow
hanging over most African countries’ debt.
A. well B. far C. much D. greatly
17. Though ______ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life. (96-6-6)
A. by any means B. by some means C. by all means D. by no means
18. Business in this area has been ______ because prices are too high.
A. prosperous B. secretive C. slack D. shrill
19. He added a ______ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.
A. presidency B. prestige C. postscript D. preliminary
20.The meeting was ______ over by the mayor of the city.
A. presumed B. proposed C. presented D. presided
Section II Cloze ( 10 points )
Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.
For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the 21 of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel 22 to go to bed and pleased when the journey 23 . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed 24 earlier than usual. When I 25 my cabin, I was surprised 26 that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected 27 but there was a suitcase 28 mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet 29 , except that he was wearing 30 good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not 31 whoever he was and did not say 32 . As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered 33 as well as I could and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a 34 was coming from somewhere. I thought perhaps I had forgotten 35 the door, so I got up 36 the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and 37 the moon shone through it on to the other bed. 38 there. It took me a minute or two to 39 the door myself. I realized that my companion 40 through the window into the sea.
21. A. reason B. motive C. cause D. sake
22. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring
23. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over D. is in the end
24. A. quite B. rather C. fairly D. somehow
25. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to D. reached at
26. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see
27. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone
28. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that
29. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere D. anywhere
30. A. a so B. so C. such a D. such
31. A. treat tighter well B. pass together well
C. get on well together D. go by well together
32. A. him a single word B. him not one word
C. a single word to him D. not one word to him
33. A. up me B. up my self C. up to myself D. myself up
34. A. draft B. voice C. air D. sound
35. A. to close B. closing C. to have to close D. for closing
36. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting D. but shut
37. A. while doing like that B. as I did like that
C. as I did so D. at doing so
38. A. It was no one B. There was no one
C. It was anyone D. There was anyone
39. A. remind to lock B. remember to lock
C. remind locking D. remember locking
40. A. had to jump B. was to have jumped
C. must have jumped D. could be jumped
Section III Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )
Directions: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing
A. B. C. or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.
Henry Ford, the famous U. S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.
Few would argue with Ford's statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as" the entertainment industry" or "show
business".
The positive side of Henry Ford's statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance(大量地) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.
The negative side of Henry Ford's statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business -- referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing -- the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high -- creates feelings of insecurity for many. (336 words)
41. The United States is a typical country ______.
A. which encourages free trade at home and abroad
B. where people's chief concern is how to make money
C. where all businesses are managed scientifically
D. which normally works according to the federal budget
42. The influence of business in the U. S. is evidenced by the fact that ______.
A. most newspapers are run by big businesses
B. even public organizations concentrate on working for profits
C. Americans of all professions know how to do business
D. even arts and entertainment are regarded as business
43. According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ______.
A. they can start profitable businesses there
B. they can be more competitive in business
C. they will make a fortune overnight there
D. they will find better chances of employment
44. Henry Ford's statement can be taken negatively because ______.
A. working people are discouraged to fight for their rights
B. there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists
C. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor
D. public services are not run by the federal government
45. A company's efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in ______.
A. reduction in the number of employees
B. improvement of working condition
C. fewer disputes between labor and management
D. a rise in workers' wages
Passage 2
As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn't the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe's new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the "irresistible momentum of individualism" over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on (扰乱) Europeans' private lives.
Europe's new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe's shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today's tech-savvy (精通技术的) workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.
Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative -- dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.
The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn't leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn't got time to get lonely because he has too much work. "I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult." Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called "The Single Woman and Prince Chaming, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don't last long -- if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she'd never have wanted to do what her mother did -- give up a career to raise a family. Instead, "I've always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life”. （ 466 ）
46. More and more young Europeans remain single because ________.
A. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism
B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age
C. they have embraced a business culture of stability
D. they are pessimistic about their economic future
47. What is said about European society in the passage?
A. It has fostered the trend towards small families.
B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.
C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market
D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.
48. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are _______.
A. warm and lighthearted B. on either side of marriage
C. negative and gloomy D. healthy and wealthy
49. The author quotes Eppendorf to show that ________.
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom
B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe
C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely
D. most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable
50. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.
B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.
C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.
D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning（迅速成长，发展）world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “ Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual rights,” he says.
Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.
“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,” he argues. “There is no private property without government –individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”
Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks .. if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes.
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees that there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes. （441 words）
51. Which of the following is true about Olson?
A. He was a fiction writer.
B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.
C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.
D. He was against the ownership of private property.
52. Which of the following represents Olson’s point of view?
A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.
B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.
C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.
D. In some countries, people don’t have secure individual rights because they’re poor.
53. What does Olson think about mass production?
A. It’s capital intensive.
B. It’s property intensive.
C. It relies in individual labor.
D. It relies in individual skills.
54. What is the basis for the banking system?
A. Contract system that can be enforced
B. People’s willingness to deposit money in banks.
C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.
D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.
55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?
A. government intervention
B. lack of secure individual rights
C. being short of capital
D. lack of free market
Passage 4
More than half of all Jews married in U.S. since 1990 have wed people who aren’t Jewish. Nearly 480,000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it’s almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.
That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents’ religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn’t Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn’t Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.
“ I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn’t actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it’s obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it’s not clear at this point why that’s the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feeling about their religion. That’s something that the study I completed was not able to do. We didn’t have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study’s going to cover some of that,” she says.
Jay Rubin is executive director of Hillel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it’s an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish, and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews. (394 words)
56. The best title of this passage is ______.
A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in American
B. Jewish Identity in America
C. Judaism—a Religion?
D. College Jewish Students
57. Among the freshmen at UCLA ______ thought themselves as Jewish.
A. most
B. 93% of those whose parents were both Jewish
C. 62% of those only whose father were Jewish
D. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish
58. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the ______.
A. marriage of people based on mutual belief
B. marriage of people for the common faith
C. marriage of people of different religious faiths
D. marriage of people who have faith in each other
59. Which of the following statement is NOT true about professor Sax’s research?
A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.
B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.
C. The research survey didn’t find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.
D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.
60. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?
A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.
B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it’s an experience.
C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.
D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitude towards Judaism.
Section IV Translation ( 20 points )
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Since the advent (尤指不寻常的人或事)出现, 到来 of the automobile, the drunk driver has plagued (折磨, 使得灾祸)our society. Alcohol-related offenses accounted for untold man hours in police departments nationwide, regardless of size.61. Effective steps for slowing or reducing the incidents of drunk driving had all but failed, and until recently, advocates’ cries to keep drunk drivers off the streets fell on deaf ears or were tied up in bureaucratic indecisiveness.
Recognizing the potential threat of the drunk driver, programs have been re-instituted in many areas to combat this age-old problem. Something new, something different, or something old with a “new approach” was needed. The City of Creve Coeur, Mo. adopted a new approach, mainly through the efforts of the mayor, board of alderman, and chief of police. The program consists of two phases——the traditional and the electronic.
Like most other agencies throughout the country, the police department in Greve Coeur, a suburb of St. Louis, stepped up its enforcement actions directed at the intoxicated(喝醉的,极其兴奋的) driver because of the efforts of such organizations as R.I.D. (Rid Intoxicated Drivers) and the Missouri Division of Highway Safety to increase public awareness of this potential killer. 62. The chief not only ordered stricter enforcement of closing hours for all bars, lounges, and small hotels within the city but also increased patrols around such establishments during closing hours. In addition, a policy was adopted to print the names of persons arrested and charged with drunk driving in a major Louis newspaper.
Implementation of the electronic phase required bold measures by the mayor and board of aldermen and has stirred interest and inquires from police agencies throughout the United States and several foreign countries.63. An ordinance was passed which required all restaurants and cocktail lounges in the city having a license to sell liquor by the drink and sales of $ 1,000,000 or more annually to install a breath analyzing machine for use by their customers. This machine allows customers to test the alcohol concentration in their blood so that they can make the determination of whether they should get behind the wheel of a motor vehicle.
Reinstitution of the “car with the camera” program is another phase in the intoxicated driver program. In 1971, the Creve Coeur Police Department attached a video camera to the dashboard of a traffic enforcement unit. 64. Video taping traffic offenses as they occur particularly to the drunk driver, met with praise and approval of prosecutors and judges. However, video equipment in the early 1970’s was expensive to purchase and maintain, bulky, and easily damaged. For these reasons, budgetary constraints, and other priorities, the program was abandoned. However, with advances made in video equipment, plans are now in the making for the reactivation of this electronic phase, with the addition of a new dimension.
Now an officer will not only video tape traffic violators but also record subsequent conversations through a wireless microphone attached to his shirt. All events are electronically collected and permanently maintained for evidence in court.
65. Since there are few violations that can escape the watchful eyes of the camera, the main restriction being the inability to detect those traveling at excessive speeds, capturing the audio and video portions of the confrontation between the officer and violator enhances courtroom presentation. Judges and prosecutors are able to see and hear what actually took place from the first detectable violation, to be field sobriety（清醒）test, to the arrest. The value to the judicial process is obvious.
Because of its recent implementation, the impact of this program cannot be calculated. However, the ultimate goal of any campaign initiated against the drunk driver is to keep the intoxicated person from getting behind the wheel of a motor vehicle.
Section VI Writing ( 20 points )
Directions: In this section, you are required to write a “ Letter of Complaint ” according to
the situation below. You should write at least 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Situation and Requirements
George Bush recently bought a laptop computer. A few days later the laptop stopped working. When he took it back to the shop, they refused to deal with the problem.
Now you are required to write a letter to the customer service department at the company's head office in the name of Mr. George Bush. Your letter should include the following information:
1. the problem with the laptop,
2. what exactly happened when you return to the shop
3. what you would like the customer service department to do and any other relevant
information.
