Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. (10points)
In the late 1960’ s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing 1 that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot 2 .
Skyscrapers are also enormous 3 , and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition 4 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the 5 daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts—enough to 6 the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-walled skyscraper can be especially 7 . The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times 8 through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain 9 heating and air-conditioning equipment, 10 of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses 11 with silver or gold mirror films that reduce 12 as well as heat gain. However, 13 skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and 14 neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put severe pressure on a city’s sanitation 15 , too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2. 25 million gallons of raw sewage each year—as 16 as a city the size of Stamford , Connecticut , which has a 17 of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also 18 with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic.
Still, people 19 to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them—personal ambition and the 20 of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.
1. A. at B. to C. out D. towards
2. A. power B. capacities C. potentials D. capabilities
3. A. savers B. consumers C. losers D. spenders
4. A. of B. in C. to D. at
5. A. point B. top C. summit D. peak
6. A. distribute B. give C. supply D. donate
7. A. thrifty B. economic C. prosperous D. wasteful
8. A. that B. those C. which D. when
9. A. to B. between C. on D. both
10. A. founders B. consumers C. builders D. suppliers
11. A. coated B. filled C. powdered D. stained
12. A. brightness B. light C. glare D. gaze
13. A. glass-walled B. plastic-walled C. concrete-walled D. mirror-walled
14. A. affect B. assist C. protect D. benefit
15. A. decorations B. utensils C. facilities D. appliances
16. A. more B. much C. few D. little
17. A. population B. People C. Mankind D. race
18. A. intervene B. interfere C. interrupt D. obstacle
19. A. stop B. Pause C. Continue D. terminate
20. A. wish B. desire C. secret D. promise
答案:
1. [答案]C
[解析]本题测试point的短语搭配。本句译文:生态学家指出,城市中的一群高层建筑经常使公共交通和停车场不堪重负。C正确。point sth.out意为“指出”;point at (twoards) sb./sth.意为“指向,瞄准”;point to意为“指明(方向/位置),显示”。
2. [答案]B
[解析]本题测试近义词辨析。四个选项都表示“能力,能”。capacity意为“(无生命事物的)承受、容纳、装载能力;(人的)潜在学习和理解力”;power意为“体能、智力或权力,尤其指控制他人的能力和权力”;potential意为“潜力,潜能”;capability意为“能力,才能,做某事的资格”,其复数形式表示“潜力,发展前途”。
3. [答案]B
[解析]本题测试逻辑性词义搭配。本句译文:摩天大厦也是巨大的电力消费者和浪费者。并列连词and表示前后两词的意思相近。consumer意为“消费者,耗费者”;saver意为“救助者,俭省的人,节省(时间、力量等)的工具”;loser意为“失败者,遗失者”;spender意为“花钱者”。
4. [答案]A
[解析]本题测试惯用搭配。本句译文:在近一年中,纽约市增加的1700百万平方英尺高层办公空间使每天对电的高峰需求量增长了12万千瓦——足以供整个Albany市一天的所需。addition意为“增加物”,与介词of连接,表示“……的增加”。to用在短语in addition to中,意为“再加上……,除了……”。
5. [答案]D
[解析]本题测试惯用搭配。四个选项都表示“点,顶点”。peak意为“(升降不定的数字记录)最高点”;point意为“点,阶段,地步,关键时刻”;top意为“地位程度最高的、最大的”;summit意为“顶点,最高层会议”。
6. [答案]C
[解析]本题测试词义搭配。supply意为“供应(所需要,所要求的)”;distribute意为“分配,散发”;give意为“给予”,为一般词汇,一般接双宾语;donate意为“捐赠”。
7. [答案]D
[解析]本题测试逻辑性词义搭配。相关译文:“玻璃外墙的摩天大楼尤其浪费。一块半寸厚的平面玻璃墙的散热性(需热量)是充满绝缘板的典型砖瓦墙体的10倍之多。”前句提到摩天大楼耗电量大得惊人,后面用especially提出更甚之的例子,所以只有wasteful符合句意方向。thriftyr意为“节俭的”;economic意为“经济的,节省的”;prosperous意为“繁荣”。
8. [答案]A
[解析]本题测试结构搭配。that作代词,指代前面的the heat loss。those应用来指代复数名词。
9. [答案]C
[解析]本题测试惯用搭配。本句译文:为减少对供热和空调设备的压力,摩天大厦的建筑者开始使用双层玻璃板,或使用贴着一层银或金色薄膜的反光玻璃,这种玻璃能够减少反光对眼睛的刺激和墙面的聚热性。分析上文:因为玻璃墙体的摩天大厦散热很快,并且不易供热,所以需减轻对供热和空调设备的压力。只有C在搭配和词义上合适,lessen the strain on意为“减轻对……的压力/负担”。
10. [答案]C
[解析]本题测试逻辑性词义搭配。builder意为“建筑者”;founder意为“创始人”;consumer意为“消费者”;supplier意为“供应商”。
11. [答案]A
[解析]本题测试短语辨析。films意为“胶片,薄膜”。be coated with意为“被覆盖一层……”;be filled with意为“充满了”;be powdered with意为“覆盖着(粉状的东西)”;be stained with意为“沾着(不易去除的污迹)”。
12. [答案]C
[解析]本题测试词义搭配。glare意为“刺眼,耀眼的光”;brightness意为“光亮,光明”;light意为“光亮,目线”;gaze意为“注视,凝视”。
13. [答案]D
[解析]本题测试逻辑性词义搭配。本句译文:然而,镜体墙面的摩天大楼使周围空气的温度升高,从而影响周边建筑物。mirror-walled是上一句中reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films的重复,用however转引出:上一句提及的解决办法实际上存在着环境问题。glass-walled不切题;plastic-walled和concrete-walled为本文未涉及的无关选项。
14. [答案]A
[解析]本题测试逻辑性词义搭配。and表示前后的并列,:however已经引出弊端——使周围温度升高,所以只有A正确。affect意为“影响”;assist意为“帮助”;protect意为“保护”;benefit意为“有利于”。
15. [答案]C
[解析]本题测试近义词辨析。本句译文:摩天大楼也给城市的卫生设施带来了巨大的压力。如果全部的空间都被利用上的话,仅纽约市世贸中心的两座塔楼每年要产生225万加仑的污水——相当于Connecticut州的Stamford,一座人口超过10. 9万人的城市,一年中所排放的污水总量。facilities指较大型的设备;decorations意为“装饰品”;utensils意为“特殊用途的设备(尤其指炊具)”;appliances指较小的器具。
16. [答案]B
[解析]本题测试词义搭配。根据上文得知,“as…as”表示数量大,故选much。
17. [答案]A
[解析]本题测试词义搭配。population意为“人口”;people意为“人,人民,民族”;mankind意为“人类”;race意为“种族”。
18. [答案]B
[解析]本题测试近义词辨析。本句译文:摩天大楼还干扰电视信号的接收、阻碍鸟儿飞行和航空运输。表示对电波、信号的干扰最常用interfere。intervene意为“介入,干涉”;interrupt sb.意为“打断某人说话/做事”;obstacle(+to)意为“妨碍”。
19. [答案]C
[解析]本题测试逻辑性词义搭配。译文:人们仍继续建筑摩天大楼,因为支持他们一直这样做的有种种原因——个人的野心以及楼主们迫切希望最大限度地拥有可租让空间。由副词still提示的线索及后文的语气判定continue“继续”正确。stop“停止”,pause“停顿”,terminate“终止”,均错。
20. [答案]B
[解析]本题测试逻辑性词义搭配。并列连词and列举不同原因,desire是与personal ambition表达的语气(急切)最搭配的词,强调“热切的期望”。wish意为“希望”。