【管理类联考】备战2019年英语（二）强化练习 7
来源：学苑教育 编辑：九岁红
（2018年9月24-25日）
【导读】：距离2018年全国硕士研究生统一考试仅有90天，为此学苑教育教学中心为保证大家在本次考试中轻松过关，针对2019年管理类联考强化复习编辑以下复习资料，来帮助大家顺利过关。
关于阅读理解
考研英语阅读是重中之重，那么如何提高自己的阅读能力或者说是提高阅读的得分率是大多数人最最关心的问题，不同的人有着不同的阅读方法。有人主张先看题目，后看文章;有人主张先看文章，后看题目。但其目的只有一个，那就是快速浏览文章，抓住文中考点，准确快速地答题。
第一步：扫描题目
这里所说的扫描题目仅限于去发现题干中是否有人名(因为题目中一旦出现人名很有可能是针对人物观点的提问，记住人名就可以在下一步的阅读中有意识的去关注该人物的观点)以及需要推断词义的单词或短语的出现(这种扫描大约会花2～3秒钟。事实证明，人的大脑在扫描的一瞬间去记住一两个单词是可行的，即使试题当中没有我们所需要的内容，2～3秒钟的损失也是无关紧要的)。在下一步的文章阅读中我们就会有意识地去发现与题干中提到的人物或单词相关的一些信息，为我们在做题时迅速定位打下基础。与之相反的先看文章、后看题目的方法，一旦题目中出现这种问题，又必须重新回到文章中去找。事实证明，要在一篇400～500个单词的文章中去查找到一个人名或生词是要花费一些时间的，相对于提前花2～3秒钟扫描题目获得的收益小得多。
第二步：开始阅读文章
在这里，我们需要掌握两大技巧。
第一：学会跳跃和扫描式阅读，以提高阅读的速度。
第二：学会应对文中出现的一些难点，加深对文章的理解。
提高阅读速度的方法：
1.跳跃式阅读 跳跃式阅读所要跳过的内容自然是和文章中心没有太多联系的内容。如对某一专家身份头衔的说明，这类文字内容与文章的中心虽不相关，却会经¬常在文中出现，这些内容事实上会增加信息的复杂程度，干扰考生思路，而题目中不会考查。
如1990年的试题，
"but there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,"says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers. 【分析】这里，我们只需看引号内的内容即可，至于"on female labor..."后面长长的头衔称谓完全可以跳过去。
2.扫描式阅读 扫描式阅读的内容与跳跃式阅读的内容相比，与文章的联系稍稍紧密一些，但一般不是考试的重点，我们只需对其有大致印象即可。这类内容一般由用来说明中心的论据构成。当段落中心已经¬很明确时，我们可以对说明中心的具体论据实行快速扫描。
3.提高阅读速度的另一途径是：熟记词汇的各种形式及其词义；由英语语法所决定，英语文章中的词汇除了少量虚词是以原¬形出现外，其他大多数单词都是以一定的变化形式出现。而我们平时所记忆的词汇均是以原形给出，在阅读时，单词原¬形和变形之间就有一个思维的转换过程，再加上有些变形的词义在原¬形的基础上有较大幅度的改变，也就增加了思维转换的难度，极大地妨碍¬了阅读速度的提高。熟记词汇的各种形式及其词义则直接省略了思维转换过程，有利于提高阅读速度。
Text 1
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
1. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.
A. university researchers know little about the commercial world
B. there is little exchange between industry and academia
C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
D. few university professors are willing to do industrial research
2. The word “deterrent” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.
A. keeps someone from taking action
B. helps to move the traffic
C. attracts people’s attention
D. brings someone a financial burden
3. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
A. Flexible work hours.
B. Her research interests.
C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.
D. Prospects of academic accomplishments.
4. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
A. do financially more rewarding work
B. raise his status in the academic world
C. enrich his experience in medical research
D. exploit better intellectual opportunities
5. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
A. Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.
B. Develop its students’ potential in research.
C. Help it to obtain financial support from industry.
D. Gear its research towards practical applications.
参考答案： C A B D A
Text 2
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbors, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
1. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.
A. social life provides an effective cure for illness
B. being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
C. women benefit more than men from marriage
D. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
2. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.
A. older men should quit smoking to stay healthy
B. marriage can help make up for ill health
C. the married are happier than the unmarried
D. unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life
3. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________.
A. the disadvantages of being married
B. the emotional problems arising from marriage
C. the responsibility of taking care of one’s family
D. the consequence of a broken marriage
4. What does the author say about social networks?
A. They have effects similar to those of a marriage.
B. They help develop people’s community spirit.
C. They provide timely support for those in need.
D. They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.
5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. It’s important that we develop a social network when young.
B. To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.
C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.
D. We should share our social networks with each other.
参考答案： DBAAB
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