阅读理解
Lateral thinking（迂回思维），first described by Edward de Bone in 1967，is just a few years older than Edward’s son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker，but the de Bone was so famous，Caspar’s parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school，his teachers might snap，“Where do you get that idea from？”
“We had to be careful and not overdo it.”Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxford-which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic（诵读困难）. In fact，when he was applying to Oxford，none of his school teachers thought he had a chance.“So then we did several thinking sessions,”his father says，“using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam，he did extremely well.”Soon after，Edward de Bone decided to write his latest book，“Teach Your Child How to Think”，in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.
Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence，and everybody knows that children aren’t very logical. So isn’t it an uphill battle，trying to teach them to think？“You know，”Edward de Bone says，“if you examine people’s thinking，it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge！Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.”
“Teach Your Child How to Think”offers lessons in perception improvement，of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and exploring the alternatives.
36. What is TRUE about Caspar？
A. He first described lateral thinking.
B. He is often scolded by his teacher.
C. He is Edward’s son.
D. He is an adventurous thinker.
37. Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because .
A. he used in the exam the techniques provided by his father
B. he read the book“Teach Your Child How to think”before the exam
C. he was careful and often overworked
D. all of his school teachers thought he had a chance
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward .
A. was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexic
B. once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children
C. was likely to improve children’s logic with his book
D. gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born
39. According to Paragraph 3，which of the following statements expresses Edward de Bone’s view？
A. We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.
B. Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence.
C. Everybody knows that children aren’t very logical.
D. It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.
40. Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT .
A. seeing the implications of what you are saying
B. exploring the alternatives for what you are saying
C. improving one’s logic in thinking
D. improving one’s perception in thinking
答案解析：
“迂回思维”是在1967七年首先由爱德华·德·波恩进行描述的，这种思维只比他的儿子早诞生几年。你可能想象：卡斯泊会被培养成一名具有冒险精神的思想家；但是，德·波恩家族太有名了，卡斯泊的父母担心：不管什么时候他在学校可能说出一些聪明的话，老师都会严厉地问他，“你的这种想法是从哪得来的？”
“我们不得不非常小心，以免做得过度。”爱德华承认。现在，卡斯泊在牛津大学读书，这曾经看上去不大可能，因为他患有轻微的诵读困难症。事实上，当他申请报考牛津大学时，学校的老师没有一个人认为他有机会。“所以，我们当时做了很多思维训练”，他的父亲说，“应用我的方法，当他去参加考试时，他发挥得非常好。”不久，爱德华·德·波恩决定写他的最新的书籍 《教育你的孩子如何思考》。在书中，他把他开发出来的用于培养足智多谋的商人的思维技巧转化成家长和孩子共同参与的非常规训练。
传统上，思维是按照一定的逻辑顺序所执行的活动，人人都知道，孩子不太有逻辑性。因此，试图教孩子去思考不正是一场艰难的战斗吗？“你知道，”爱德华·德·波恩说，“如果你研究人们的思维，发现逻辑错误是很不一般的。但是，关于概念的错误却非常多！通常我们怎么思考都没有结果，就是因为我们的视野受到限制。”《教育你的孩子如何思考》 在提高理解力方面提供了一些课程，怎样清楚地表达自己所说的话的含义，怎样找到可供选择的办法。
36. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】关于卡斯泊哪句属实？
A. 他首先描述了迂回思维。
B. 他经常被老师责备。
C. 他是爱德华的儿子。
D. 一位有冒险精神的思想家。
线索：文章的第1段提到“You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker，but the de Bone was so famous.”表明了他们的父子关系。选项A和原文不符合，原文说的是他的父亲研究迂回思维。B选项本文没有提到。D选项也混淆了他和他父亲的身份。
【考点提示】首题对应首段的内容。文章涉及N个人物的时候，注意不同人物的关系还有特征，有可能在这些点上出题。
37. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】因果关系
【解析过程】卡斯泊成功地申请到了牛津大学，因为 。
A. 他使用了父亲教给他的方法
B. 在考试前他读了 《教你的孩子如何思考》 一书
C. 他很细心并且学习努力
D. 他学校的所有老师认为他有一个机会
线索：文章的第2段提到“using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam.”表明A是正确答案。B选项和原文的内容不符合，是在他考试完之后，他的父亲在准备写《教你的孩子如何思考》 这本书。D选项和原文的内容相反“none of his school teachers thought he had a chance”.
【考点提示】注意信息之间的时间递进关系、因果关系、转折关系、总结关系、补充关系、强调关系等，这些是文章的考点。
38. 【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节推断
【解析过程】从文章的第2段我们可以推论出爱德华 。
A. 急于学习迂回思维因为他的孩子有一些诵读障碍
B. 在他为孩子和父母们写这本书之前曾经教商人如何去思考
C. 用他的书去提高孩子的逻辑思考能力
D. 在他孩子出生几年之后描绘了迂回思维
线索：文章的第2段提到“in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.”表明B是正确答案。A选项和原文的内容不符合，原文是说“Lateral thinking（迂回思维），first described by Edward de Bone in 1967，is just a few years older than Edward’s son.”早在他的孩子出生前，他就已经学习迂回思维。
【考点提示】推断指的是在原文的基础之上，对原文信息的再改写，所以不是从无到有的过程，这一点在解析推理题的过程中非常重要。
39. 【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】根据文章的第3段，下面哪句话表达了爱德华的观点？
A. 因为我们的观点有限所以我们经常思考效率不高。
B. 从传统意义上讲思考是以逻辑顺序实施的。
C. 每个人都知道孩子不是非常具有逻辑性的。
D. 试图去教孩子符合逻辑的思考是具有挑战性的。
线索：文章的第3段提到“But the faults of perception are huge！ Often we think inef-fectively because we take too limited a view.”表明选项A是正确答案。B和C选项的内容在文章中提到了，但不是爱德华的观点，是一个传统的观点。
【考点提示】明确作者的观点和其他专家的观点非常重要。张冠李戴是出题老师在设计混淆选项时用的一种方法，所以同学们在阅读文章的时候要非常警惕这种陷阱。
40. 【正确答案】C
【考点类型】细节排除
【解析过程】迂回思考指的是下面几句话，除了 。
A. 看到你说的内容的暗含意思
B. 寻找你说的内容的可选择说法
C. 提高人的逻辑思考能力
D. 提高人的观察力
线索1：文章的第4段提到，“ ...of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying ...”选项A在原文提到。
线索2：文章的第4段提到，“...exploring the alternatives...”选项B在原文提到。
线索3：文章的第4段提到，“...‘Teach Your Child How to Think’offers lessons in perception improvement...”选项D在原文提到。
所以选项C是原文没有提到的内容。
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