名词在句子中的作用
名词在句子中有以下几种重要作用,如做主语、宾语、表语、补足语等。它是句子中最主要的词。
(一)主语
1. 句子的主语:
Father is working on the farm. / Mary visited her teacher yesterday. / A beautiful ship will sail on this
river tomorrow. / Some goods have arrived.
句子中的黑体字均表示“谁……”或“什么……”,即动作的执行者。一般都放在句首。
2. 动名词逻辑上的主语:
They thought Tom’s going there a mistake. / Mary’s getting married will be announced next month.
句子中的黑体字均为动名词逻辑上的主语,表示动名词going,getting的执行者。
3. 分词上的逻辑主语:
Peter being ill,his mother has to stay at home. / The sun having set,children went home. / She came into the classroom,her face covered with sweat.
句子中的黑体字均为分词上的逻辑主语,表示这是“谁”的情况,如Peter 生病、太阳落山等。
(二)宾语
He has a pretty cat. / Teacher can help Rose. / The sailor crossed the dangerous river easily. / Students
should do their homework alone.
句子中的黑体字均表示动作的承受者,通常放在及物动词的后面。
She gave John a bag. / The grandmother is telling children a story. / The little boy brought mother an
orange. / The wife cooked her husband a big fish.
句子中的黑体字均为双宾动词的宾语,其中,指人的为间接宾语,如John,mother等;指物的为间接宾语,如bag,fish等。
以下是介词的宾语:
I went to school everyday. / They are talking about the traffic accident. / On Friday,we always have our English lessons.
句子中的黑体字均为介词的宾语,表示与介词有关的东西,和介词一起表达一个完整的意思。这种宾语一般跟在介词后,和介词一起构成介词短语。
(三)表语
My sister is a doctor. / He has become an artist. / The ruins have been a famous building.
句子中的黑体字均为表语,表示主语是“谁”、“成为什么”。主语和其补足语往往指同一个人或同样东西。句子的动词为系动词。
(四)宾语的补足语
Many people now consider the family a school. / They elected him president. / All the students in
that class knew their monitor a coward.
句子中的黑体字均为宾语补足语,对宾语进行补充说明,表示它“成为什么”、“被认为如何”等。它和宾语有密切关系,通常紧跟宾语其后。
(五)状语
He will arrive here next week. / We have walked eight miles. / It is six inches. / He will be back Monday.
句子中的黑体字均为状语,这些状语用来修饰动词或形容词,表长度时间等。在多种情况下,其前面有修饰语,有时也可以单独做状语。
(六)同位语
My friend John is a pleasant person. / This is Mr. Smith,headmaster of No.3 Middle School. / My roommate bought many things: books,pencils and stamps.
句子中的黑体字均为同位语,表示其前面名词或代词究竟指什么,或对其前面的名词或代词做补充说明,如John,headmaster,和books,pencils and stamps 分别对friend,Mr. Smith,things 做进一步的说明。
(七)定语
My family lives in a country house. / They are at the harvest festival. / He often visits night club. /
His uncle met a silver smith that day.
句子中的黑体字均为定语,修饰其后面的另一个名词,或与另一个名词构成合成词。