The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into
three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon) English, Middle English, and
Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of certain
Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A.D., though
no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it
continues until the end of the eleventh century or a bit later. By that time,
Latin, Old Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the
Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066
had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed
inflectional(词尾变化的)system that typify the grammar of Old English had began
to break down.
The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through
the fifteenth. The influence of French(and Latin,often by way of French)upon the
vocabulary continued throughout the period,the loss of some inflections and the
reduction of others accelerate, and many changes took place within the
grammatical systems of the language. A typical prose passage, especially one
from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the
prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing
either.
The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own
day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel
distribution that had began in late Middle English and that effectively brought
the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early
developments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press
and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent. Greel
pm the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures
around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas
which Britain had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting
contributions to our word-stock.
参考答案:1-5 A C A D B