知识储备
1. 非谓语动词的句法功能和意义
分词的独立结构前也可以有with,without或there。with本身没有词义,there实际上是引导词,being后面的名词才是分词的逻辑主语,例如:
Weather permitting,we’ll be going fishing tomorrow. 天气允许的话,我们明天去钓鱼。
All the money having been spent,we started looking for work. 花光了所有的钱,我们开始找工作。
With night coming on,they went home. 天晚了,他们回家了。
He left home,without a single word said. 他没说一句话,就离开了家。
There being nothing to do,we played games. 没什么可做的,我们于是玩游戏。
考点二:非谓语动词三种表示被动的结构。(语法常考题)
to be done 不定式的被动态表示将来的动作;being done 用来表示动作的正在(被)进行、表示同时和伴随性;having been done表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生,一般和瞬间动词连用;done表示动作的被动关系和已完成,但不强调动作完成的时间。
例如:
Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in New York next month?你去参加下个月在纽约召开的会议吗?
The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
Did you attend the press conference held in Beijing last week?你参加了上个月在北京召开的会议了吗?
All flights having been cancelled,they had to take the train. 由于所有的航班都取消了,他们不得不坐火车。
考点三:分词的短语的固定表达方式,一般不受主语一致的限制。如:
according to ...(根据) judging from...(从……判断)
owing to ...(由于) taking everything into consideration ...(全盘考虑)
allowing for...(考虑到……) leaving ... on one side ...(抛开……不谈)
generally speaking(总的说来) frankly speaking( 坦率地说 )
roughly speaking( 粗略地说 ) honestly speaking( 老实说 )
strictly speaking( 严格地说 ) theoretically speaking( 从理论上说)